Current Concept and Update of the Macrophage Plasticity Concept: Intracellular Mechanisms of Reprogramming and M3 Macrophage "Switch" Phenotype.
Current Concept and Update of the Macrophage Plasticity Concept: Intracellular Mechanisms of Reprogramming and M3 Macrophage "Switch" Phenotype.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/341308
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Malyshev Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Malyshev I;Malyshev Y
巨噬细胞在免疫中起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了巨噬细胞可塑性的传统概念，不符合现有概念的数据，以及存在新的开关巨噬细胞表型的假设。根据微环境的不同，巨噬细胞可以将其表型重新编程为促炎的M1表型或抗炎的M2表型。巨噬细胞重编程涉及信号和翻译后机制活动的良好协调变化。巨噬细胞重编程由JNK-、PI3K/Akt-、Notch-、JAK/STAT-、转化生长因子-β-、TLR/NF-κB-和低氧依赖途径提供。转录后调控是基于微小的信使核糖核酸。我们假设，除了M1和M2表型外，还存在M3开关表型。这种转换表型通过重新编程为抗炎M2表型来响应促炎刺激，或者相反，它通过重新编程为促炎M1表型来响应抗炎刺激。我们已经在肺部疾病中发现了这种转换表型的迹象。了解巨噬细胞重编程的机制将有助于选择新的治疗靶点来纠正免疫受损。
Macrophages play a key role in immunity. In this review, we consider the traditional notion of macrophage plasticity, data that do not fit into existing concepts, and a hypothesis for existence of a new switch macrophage phenotype. Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can reprogram their phenotype toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype or toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Macrophage reprogramming involves well-coordinated changes in activities of signalling and posttranslational mechanisms. Macrophage reprogramming is provided by JNK-, PI3K/Akt-, Notch-, JAK/STAT-, TGF-β-, TLR/NF-κB-, and hypoxia-dependent pathways. Posttranscriptional regulation is based on micro-mRNA. We have hypothesized that, in addition to the M1 and M2 phenotypes, an M3 switch phenotype exists. This switch phenotype responds to proinflammatory stimuli with reprogramming towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype or, contrarily, it responds to anti-inflammatory stimuli with reprogramming towards the proinflammatory M1 phenotype. We have found signs of such a switch phenotype in lung diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of macrophage reprogramming will assist in the selection of new therapeutic targets for correction of impaired immunity.