The Politics of Child Abuse
The Politics of Child Abuse
复制标题
虐待儿童的政治
DOI：
10.1080/09503153.2013.800326
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steve Rogowski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steve Rogowski
这本书出版于1985年，也就是我获得社会工作者资格的第八年。和奈杰尔·帕顿的所有作品一样，我觉得这本书很有趣，而且内容丰富。它在当时是一个有影响力的文本，现在仍然如此。有些人可能会认为，对阶级和不平等等问题的强调已经过时了，但考虑到当前新自由主义时代大多数人存在的问题，它们仍然具有现实意义。这本书一开始就强调“重要的是将对虐待儿童的反应置于经济和社会意识形态力量的转变中”（11），分为两部分。第一部分着眼于虐待儿童是如何被“发现”的，以及它被定义的政治过程引起了公众的注意，并受到国家干预。最初，个体“疾病”和“治疗”的医学模式在解决问题的“措施”中占主导地位。另外两个模型被确定。第一，以惩罚为基础的刑事模式;将虐待儿童行为视为与警察和司法机构的作用有关的堕落行为，这是确定和惩罚罪行的关键。第二，在1960年代末/1970年代初，在战后社会民主主义共识的高峰时期获得支持的社会福利模式。后者侧重于对无法科普其处境的家庭作出富有同情心的反应，并包括利用咨询和治疗关系/技术进行预防和康复的概念。一种激进的观点认为，虐待儿童是社会和经济进程，包括结构性不平等造成的，因此，干预的最终目的是建立一个更加平等的社会。第二部分批判性地分析了医学模式，展示了它如何为政策和实践提供部分解释和不适当的框架。报告审查了历史上虐待和忽视儿童的情况，指出尽管儿童在各个年龄段都受到成年人的虐待，但只是偶尔才成为一个令人关切的问题。特别是美国的亨利肯普博士和他的同事们发现了"受虐婴儿综合症“
This book was published in 1985, eight years after I had qualified as a social worker, and as with all of Nigel Parton’s work, I found it interesting and informative. It was an influential text at the time and remains so. Some might argue that the emphasis on such issues as class and inequality are dated, but they are as relevant as ever, given the problems that exist for the majority of people in current neoliberal times.The book starts by emphasising that ‘it is important to locate the reaction to child abuse within the shifts in the economy and ideological forces in society’(11) and is divided into two parts. Part One looks at how child abuse was ‘discovered’and the political processes whereby it was defined were brought to public attention and made subject to state intervention. Initially it was the medical model of individual ‘disease’and ‘treatment’that was dominant in what was ‘done’about the problem. Two other models are identified. Firstly, the penal model based on punishment; seeing acts of child abuse as related to depravation with the role of the police and judiciary, key in establishing and punishing guilt. Secondly, the social welfare model which gained ground at the height of the post-war social democratic consensus during the late 1960s/early 1970s. The latter focused on a compassionate response to families who were unable to cope with their situation, and included notions of prevention and rehabilitation using counselling and therapeutic relationships/techniques. A radical variant focused on seeing child abuse as resulting from social and economic processes including structural inequality, and accordingly that the ultimate purpose of intervention was a more equal society. Part Two critically analyses the medical model, showing how it provides a partial explanation and an inappropriate framework for policy and practice. It examines child cruelty and neglect in history, noting that although children have been mistreated by adults throughout the ages, it is only occasionally that it becomes a matter of concern. In particular, there was the discovery of the ‘battered baby syndrome’by Dr Henry Kempe and his colleagues in the US