Measuring Change Conventionally and Adaptively
Measuring Change Conventionally and Adaptively
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以传统方式和适应性方式衡量变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Alan Nicewander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. May;W. Alan Nicewander
通常已知普通差异或增益分数是不可靠的。然而，人们并不普遍知道，当使用差异分数来衡量变化时，预测试的难度可能会导致在初始成绩不同的群体中观察到的增益量产生偏差。我们将这种类型的偏差称为尺度失真。使用项目反应理论，人们可以根据估计的 Os（正在测量的潜在特征）的差异来计算增益分数。当前调查的主要焦点是在传统或适应性测试情况下，通过使用基于估计 Os 的差异，可以在多大程度上消除普通差异分数中的尺度失真。使用这些基于 0 的增益的传统测试被证明可以消除普通差异分数中固有的大部分尺度失真。使用估计 Os 的自适应测试还可以在反映潜在熟练程度的实际变化方面提供实质性改进。
The ordinary difference or gain score is known generally to be unreliable. However, it is not widely known that when a difference score is used to measure change, the difficulty of the pretest can bias the amount of gain observed in groups that differ in initial achievement. This type of bias we call scale distortion. Using item response theory, one may compute gain scores based on differences in estimated Os (the latent trait being measured). The principal focus of the present inquiry was the degree to which scale distortion in the ordinary difference score could be removed by using differences based on estimated Os in either conventional or adaptive testing situations. Conventional tests that use these 0-based gains are shown to remove much of the scale distortion inherent in ordinary difference scores. Adaptive tests using estimated Os also offer substantial improvement in reflecting actual changes in latent proficiency.