Preparation and use of Xenopus egg extracts to study DNA replication and chromatin associated proteins.

Preparation and use of Xenopus egg extracts to study DNA replication and chromatin associated proteins.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.03.029
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发表时间:
2012-06
期刊:
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Blow, J. Julian
Blow, J. Julian
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gillespie, Peter J.;Gambus, Agnieszka;Blow, J. Julian

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使用从南非爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)卵中提取的无细胞提取物,在细胞周期研究中取得了许多重要发现。这些鸡蛋提取物在与体内明显相同的控制下重现了体外真核细胞周期的关键核转变。添加到提取物中的 DNA 首先组装成细胞核,然后进行有效复制。提取物进入有丝分裂,然后允许配对姐妹染色单体的分离。因此,非洲爪蟾无细胞系统特别适合在生化水平上研究细胞周期调节过程的机制、动力学和整合。在本文中,我们描述了我们实验室目前使用的制备非洲爪蟾卵提取物和脱膜精子核以用于体外 DNA 复制研究的方法。我们还详细介绍了如何在该系统中量化 DNA 复制。此外,我们描述了从鸡蛋提取物中分离染色质和染色质结合蛋白复合物的方法。这些最近开发和修订的技术为研究 DNA 复制中涉及的蛋白质的功能提供了一个实用的起点。
The use of cell-free extracts prepared from eggs of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, has led to many important discoveries in cell cycle research. These egg extracts recapitulate the key nuclear transitions of the eukaryotic cell cycle in vitro under apparently the same controls that exist in vivo. DNA added to the extract is first assembled into a nucleus and is then efficiently replicated. Progression of the extract into mitosis then allows the separation of paired sister chromatids. The Xenopus cell-free system is therefore uniquely suited to the study of the mechanisms, dynamics and integration of cell cycle regulated processes at a biochemical level. In this article we describe methods currently in use in our laboratory for the preparation of Xenopus egg extracts and demembranated sperm nuclei for the study of DNA replication in vitro. We also detail how DNA replication can be quantified in this system. In addition, we describe methods for isolating chromatin and chromatin-bound protein complexes from egg extracts. These recently developed and revised techniques provide a practical starting point for investigating the function of proteins involved in DNA replication.
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