Consistency of swimming performance within and between competitions.
Consistency of swimming performance within and between competitions.
复制标题
比赛内和比赛之间游泳表现的一致性。
DOI：
10.1097/00005768-200005000-00018
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
W. Hopkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Stewart;W. Hopkins
目的
项目之间表现的一致性影响着运动员应该如何专注于项目，比赛应该如何组织，以及表现的变化如何影响运动员在项目中的排名。因此，我们确定了两项国家级比赛中游泳成绩的一致性。
方法
我们使用混合线性模型来分析149名男性和162名女性游泳运动员在全国青少年锦标赛上的正式表现时间，以及117名男性和104名女性游泳运动员在20 d后的全国公开赛上的正式表现时间。这些项目在泳姿（仰泳、蛙泳、蝶泳、自由泳和个人混合泳）或距离（50-1500米）方面有所不同。
结果
游泳运动员在两项比赛中同一项目的表现最为一致（比赛之间的典型变化为1.4%;真实值的95%可能范围为1.3-1.5%）。他们在每次比赛中给定击球距离之间的一致性较低（1.7%; 1.5-1.9%），并且在给定距离的击球之间的一致性最低（2.7%; 2.3-3.1%）。在公开赛中，最长连续自由泳距离（400、800和1500米）之间的表现差异是宽距离自由泳距离（50、200和800米）之间的一半。速度较快的游泳运动员在比赛之间对同一项目的一致性（1.1%; 0.9-1.4%）高于速度较慢的游泳运动员（1.5%; 1.3-1.9%）。
结论
(a)游泳运动员是泳姿专家而不是距离专家;根据目前的比赛项目，他们应该集中精力训练和比赛特定的泳姿，而不是特定的距离。(b)如果某一泳姿的距离差异更大，那么更多的游泳运动员将有机会赢得奖牌。(c)影响表现时间的因素只有0.5%，这将影响顶级青少年游泳运动员的排名。
PURPOSE
The consistency of performance between events impacts how athletes should specialize in events, how competitions should be structured, and how changes in performance affect an athlete's placing in an event. We have therefore determined the consistency of swimming performance in events within and between two national-level competitions.
METHODS
We used mixed linear modeling to analyze official performance times of 149 male and 162 female swimmers at a junior national championship, and of 117 male and 104 female swimmers at an open national championship 20 d later. The events differed in stroke (backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle, and individual medley) or distance (50-1500 m).
RESULTS
Swimmers were most consistent in their performance for the same event between the two competitions (typical variation between competitions, 1.4%; 95% likely range of true value, 1.3-1.5%). They were less consistent between distances of a given stroke within each competition (1.7%; 1.5-1.9%) and least consistent between strokes for a given distance (2.7%; 2.3-3.1%). Variation in performance between the longest continuous freestyle distances (400, 800, and 1500 m) in the open competition was half that between widely spaced freestyle distances (50, 200, and 800 m). Faster swimmers were more consistent (1.1%; 0.9-1.4%) for the same event between competitions than slower swimmers (1.5%; 1.3-1.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
(a) Swimmers are stroke specialists rather than distance specialists; with the present set of events in competitions, they should concentrate training and competing on a particular stroke rather than a particular distance. (b) More swimmers would have a chance of winning a medal if events of a given stroke differed more widely in distance. (c) Factors that affect performance time by as little as 0.5% will affect the placing of a top junior swimmer.