Cradles and museums of Antarctic teleost biodiversity
Cradles and museums of Antarctic teleost biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-017-0239-y
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Near, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dornburg, Alex;Federman, Sarah;Near, Thomas J.
在地球上最极端的海洋环境中，南极南大洋的硬骨鱼的多样性被一个谱系所控制：南极鱼。在过去的一个世纪里，这种独特的海洋动物的长期存在日益受到区域大气变暖以及海洋变暖（在较小程度上）的威胁。了解历史温度变化如何影响南极硬骨鱼谱系的源汇动态，为预测未来人口对气候变化的反应提供了关键的见解。我们使用系统发育和生物地理模型的结合来显示高纬度的南极近岸栖息地已经成为南极南极物种多样性的进化汇。与岛屿生物地理理论的预期相反，包括南极半岛北部和外围岛屿群岛在内的南大洋低纬度地区是大陆多样性的来源地区。这些周边地区既有利于新物种的产生，也有利于南极大陆近岸地区的反复殖民。我们的研究结果为全球气候变化的当代趋势提供了历史背景，这些趋势可能会逆转这些进化动态。
Isolated in one of the most extreme marine environments on Earth, teleost fish diversity in Antarctica's Southern Ocean is dominated by one lineage: the notothenioids. Throughout the past century, the long-term persistence of this unique marine fauna has become increasingly threatened by regional atmospheric and, to a lesser extent oceanic, warming. Developing an understanding of how historical temperature shifts have shaped source-sink dynamics for Antarctica's teleost lineages provides critical insight for predicting future demographic responses to climate change. We use a combination of phylogenetic and biogeographic modelling to show that high-latitude Antarctic nearshore habitats have been an evolutionary sink for notothenioid species diversity. Contrary to expectations from island biogeographic theory, lower latitude regions of the Southern Ocean that include the northern Antarctic Peninsula and peripheral island archipelagos act as source areas to continental diversity. These peripheral areas facilitate both the generation of new species and repeated colonization of nearshore Antarctic continental regions. Our results provide historical context to contemporary trends of global climate change that threaten to invert these evolutionary dynamics.