GRB 221009A: Discovery of an Exceptionally Rare Nearby and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3847/2041-8213/acbcd1

发表时间：

2023-02

期刊：

The Astrophysical Journal Letters

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

M. Williams;J. Kennea;S. Dichiara;K. Kobayashi;W. Iwakiri;A. Beardmore;P. Evans;S. Heinz;A. Lien;S. Oates;H. Negoro;S. Cenko;D. Buisson;D. Hartmann;G. K. Jaisawal;N. Kuin;S. Lesage;K. Page;T. Parsotan;D. Pasham;B. Sbarufatti;M. Siegel;S. Sugita;G. Younes;E. Ambrosi;Z. Arzoumanian;M. Bernardini;S. Campana;M. Capalbi;R. Caputo;A. D’Aì;P. D’Avanzo;V. D’Elia;M. Pasquale;R. Eyles-Ferris;E. Ferrara;K. Gendreau;J. Gropp;N. Kawai;N. Klingler;S. Laha;A. Melandri;T. Mihara;M. Moss;P. O'Brien;J. Osborne;D. Palmer;M. Perri;M. Serino;E. Sonbas;M. Stamatikos;R. Starling;G. Tagliaferri;A. Tohuvavohu;S. Zane;H. Ziaeepour

我们报告发现了异常明亮的长持续伽马射线暴（GRB）， GRB 221009A，由尼尔·格雷斯·斯威夫特天文台（Swift），全天x射线图像监视器和中子星内部成分探测任务观测到。这个高能GRB位于相对较近的位置（z = 0.151），允许持续观察余辉。大的x射线光度和低的银河纬度（b = 4）。3)使GRB 221009A成为探测银河系尘埃的有力探测器。利用回波层析成像技术，我们绘制了视距尘埃分布图，并发现了在大距离（约10kpc）处存在显著柱密度的证据。我们对GRB 221009A在x射线和紫外波段的光曲线和光谱进行了分析，发现它的x射线余辉在T 0 + 4.5 k处比Swift观测到的任何GRB都要亮一个数量级以上。在静止帧中，GRB 221009A处于余辉亮度分布的高端，但并非唯一的高端。在对随机爆发的模拟中，104个长伽马射线爆发中只有1个像GRB 221009A那样能量充沛；如此大的E γ，iso意味着一个狭窄的射流结构，但余辉光曲线与简单的顶帽射流模型不一致。利用带有红移的Swift GRB样本，我们估计GRB的能量和附近的GRB 221009A发生的速度为每1000年1次，这使得这是一个真正非凡的机会，在我们的一生中不太可能重复。

We report the discovery of the unusually bright long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A, as observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift), Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, and Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer Mission. This energetic GRB was located relatively nearby (z = 0.151), allowing for sustained observations of the afterglow. The large X-ray luminosity and low Galactic latitude (b = 4.°3) make GRB 221009A a powerful probe of dust in the Milky Way. Using echo tomography, we map the line-of-sight dust distribution and find evidence for significant column densities at large distances (≳10 kpc). We present analysis of the light curves and spectra at X-ray and UV–optical wavelengths, and find that the X-ray afterglow of GRB 221009A is more than an order of magnitude brighter at T 0 + 4.5 ks than that from any previous GRB observed by Swift. In its rest frame, GRB 221009A is at the high end of the afterglow luminosity distribution, but not uniquely so. In a simulation of randomly generated bursts, only 1 in 104 long GRBs were as energetic as GRB 221009A; such a large E γ,iso implies a narrow jet structure, but the afterglow light curve is inconsistent with simple top-hat jet models. Using the sample of Swift GRBs with redshifts, we estimate that GRBs as energetic and nearby as GRB 221009A occur at a rate of ≲1 per 1000 yr—making this a truly remarkable opportunity unlikely to be repeated in our lifetime.

GRB 221009A: Discovery of an Exceptionally Rare Nearby and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst

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