A risk-taking "set" in a novel task among adolescents with serious conduct and substance problems
A risk-taking "set" in a novel task among adolescents with serious conduct and substance problems
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DOI：
10.1097/01.chi.0000188893.60551.31
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Lejuez, CW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crowley, TJ;Raymond, KM;Lejuez, CW
目的：青少年患者的品行障碍和物质使用障碍症状是奖赏和惩罚不可预测的“危险行为”。作者问，这些年轻人在没有事先学习、同伴压力或醉酒的情况下，是否也会在新环境中过度冒险。方法：研究对象为品行障碍和物质使用障碍治疗项目的20例青少年患者和20例对照组。全部无物质>= 7天；接受药物相关、心理和社会评估；并完成了气球模拟风险任务：鼠标按下一个计算机化的“气球”图像，每次按下1美分。30个气球以不可预测的大小“爆裂”；爆气球带来的收益也损失了。“收集”的回答节省了当前的收入，并推进到下一个气球。结果：平均充气压力机数量：患者1021台，对照组705台（p = .001）；小组差异从任务开始就很稳定。“收集”反应前的平均充气压力：患者为38.6，对照组为24.0 （p = 0.0005）。平均气球爆裂：患者9.8个，对照组6.3个（p = 0.001）。患者（与对照组相比）报告了更多的攻击性和物质使用，并且认为物质的风险更小。患者的反应明显慢于对照组。结论：从这项新任务开始，品行障碍和物质使用障碍患者（与对照组相比）承担了更多的风险，表明最初的冒险倾向，尽管患者反应较慢，反对“冲动，轻率”的行为。
Objective: Adolescent patients' conduct disorder and substance use disorder symptoms are "risky behaviors" with unpredictable rewards and punishments. The authors asked whether such youths also take excessive risks in new situations without prior learning, peer pressure, or intoxication. Method: Subjects were 20 adolescent patients in a program treating conduct disorder and substance use disorder and 20 controls. All were substance free >= 7 days; underwent substance-related, psychological, and social assessments; and performed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task: mouse presses inflated a computerized "balloon" image, each press earning 1 cent. The 30 balloons "popped" at unpredictable sizes; earnings from popped balloons were lost. A "Collect" response saved current earnings and advanced to the next balloon. Results: Mean number of inflating presses: patients, 1021 and controls, 705 (p = .001); group differences were stable from the task's beginning. Mean inflating presses before a "collect" response: patients, 38.6 and controls, 24.0 (p = .0005). Mean balloons popped: patients, 9.8 and controls, 6.3 (p = .001). Patients (versus controls) reported more aggressiveness and substance use and perceived less risk from substances. Patients' responses were significantly slower than those of controls. Conclusions: From the beginning of this novel task, conduct disorder and substance use disorder patients (compared with controls) took more risks, indicating an initial risk-taking propensity, although patients' slower responses argued against "impulsive, thoughtless" behavior.