Sadness, but not all negative emotions, heightens addictive substance use
Sadness, but not all negative emotions, heightens addictive substance use
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1909888116
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lerner, Jennifer S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorison, Charles A.;Wang, Ke;Lerner, Jennifer S.
是一般的负面情绪引发了成瘾行为，还是特定的情绪发挥了更大的作用？测试这些情绪和决策的替代解释，我们借鉴了评价倾向框架来预测悲伤，而不是消极情绪，一般来说，1）增加渴望，不耐烦和实际成瘾物质的使用，2）通过悲伤选择性地增强机制来实现。使用全国代表性的纵向调查，研究1（n = 10，685）显示悲伤，而不是其他负面情绪（即，恐惧、愤怒、羞耻），可靠地预测了目前的吸烟以及20年后的复吸。研究2（n = 425）使用了一种实验设计，并发现了对情绪特异性的进一步支持：悲伤，而不是厌恶，相对于中性状态，增加了自我报告的渴望。研究3和4（n = 918）引入选择行为作为结果变量，揭示了悲伤因果地增加了对香烟的不耐烦。此外，研究4显示，悲伤对不耐烦的影响更充分地解释了伴随的自我关注的评价，这是特定的悲伤，比伴随的负面效价的评价，这是一般的所有负面情绪。重要的是，研究4还检查了实际吸烟行为的地形图，发现实验诱导的悲伤（与中性情绪相比）因果地增加了吸烟的量和持续时间。总之，目前的研究提供了一个更细致入微的模型，关于情绪对烟草使用的影响，特别是，以及成瘾行为，一般。
Do negative feelings in general trigger addictive behavior, or do specific emotions play a stronger role? Testing these alternative accounts of emotion and decision making, we drew on the Appraisal Tendency Framework to predict that sadness, specifically, rather than negative mood, generally, would 1) increase craving, impatience, and actual addictive substance use and 2) do so through mechanisms selectively heightened by sadness. Using a nationally representative, longitudinal survey, study 1 (n = 10,685) revealed that sadness, but not other negative emotions (i.e., fear, anger, shame), reliably predicted current smoking as well as relapsing 20 years later. Study 2 (n = 425) used an experimental design, and found further support for emotion specificity: Sadness, but not disgust, increased self-reported craving relative to a neutral state. Studies 3 and 4 (n = 918) introduced choice behavior as outcome variables, revealing that sadness causally increased impatience for cigarette puffs. Moreover, study 4 revealed that the effect of sadness on impatience was more fully explained by concomitant appraisals of self-focus, which are specific to sadness, than by concomitant appraisals of negative valence, which are general to all negative emotions. Importantly, study 4 also examined the topography of actual smoking behavior, finding that experimentally induced sadness (as compared to neutral emotion) causally increased the volume and duration of cigarette puffs inhaled. Together, the present studies provide support for a more nuanced model regarding the effects of emotion on tobacco use, in particular, as well as on addictive behavior, in general.