Asthma/Allergic Airways Disease: Does Postnatal Exposure to Environmental Toxicants Promote Airway Pathobiology?
Asthma/Allergic Airways Disease: Does Postnatal Exposure to Environmental Toxicants Promote Airway Pathobiology?
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DOI：
10.1080/01926230601132030
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发表时间：
2007-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
C. Plopper;S. Smiley-Jewell;L. Miller;M. Fanucchi;M. J. Evans;A. Buckpitt;M. Avdalovic;L. Gershwin-L.-Gers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Plopper;S. Smiley-Jewell;L. Miller;M. Fanucchi;M. J. Evans;A. Buckpitt;M. Avdalovic;L. Gershwin-L.-Gers
最近，儿童哮喘发病率的急剧增加表明环境污染物在促进过敏原和幼儿呼吸系统之间的相互作用中的作用。为了确定在儿童早期暴露于环境应激源臭氧（O3）和过敏原屋尘螨（HDMA）是否通过改变出生后发育促进气管支气管壁上皮间充质营养单位（EMTU）的重塑，将恒河猴婴儿暴露于过滤空气（FA）、HDMA、O3或HDMA加O3的周期性事件。暴露于HDMA、O_3或HDMA + O_3后，EMTU出现以下改变：（1）气道数量减少;（2）支气管上皮增生;（3）粘液细胞增多;（4）远端气道平滑肌束方向和丰度发生变化，有利于高反应性;（5）出生后基底膜区分化中断;（6）上皮神经纤维分布改变;（7）气道血管和免疫系统的重组。结论：婴儿出生后肺发育过程中毒性应激的周期性激发改变了EMTU。这加剧了过敏原反应，有利于与喘息相关的间歇性气道阻塞的发展。而且，婴儿在出生后早期肺发育期间暴露于空气中会导致气道生长和发育受损，即使停止暴露，这种情况也会随着生长的继续而持续或恶化。
The recent, dramatic increase in the incidence of childhood asthma suggests a role for environmental contaminants in the promotion of interactions between allergens and the respiratory system of young children. To establish whether exposure to an environmental stressor, ozone (O3), and an allergen, house dust mite (HDMA), during early childhood promotes remodeling of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) of the tracheobronchial airway wall by altering postnatal development, infant rhesus monkeys were exposed to cyclic episodes of filtered air (FA), HDMA, O3, or HDMA plus O3. The following alterations in the EMTU were found after exposure to HDMA, O3, or HDMA plus O3: (1) reduced airway number; (2) hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium; (3) increased mucous cells; (4) shifts in distal airway smooth muscle bundle orientation and abundance to favor hyperreactivity; (5) interrupted postnatal basement membrane zone differentiation; (6) modified epithelial nerve fiber distribution; and (7) reorganization of the airway vascular and immune system. Conclusions: cyclic challenge of infants to toxic stress during postnatal lung development modifies the EMTU. This exacerbates the allergen response to favor development of intermittent airway obstruction associated with wheeze. And, exposure of infants during early postnatal lung development initiates compromises in airway growth and development that persist or worsen as growth continues, even with cessation of exposure.