Fluctuation Phenomena in Superconductors
Fluctuation Phenomena in Superconductors
复制标题
超导体中的涨落现象
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Varlamov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Larkin;A. Varlamov
阅读教科书的大部分内容，人们会觉得BCS超导理论是准确的。拟议的审查消除了这种错觉，清楚地表明了平均场理论适用性的局限性，并证明了超出其范围的广泛有趣现象的存在。本章既是对超导体涨落现象的回顾，又是教科书。其前半部分致力于介绍波动描述中的现象学和微观方法。介绍了涨落场函数积分方法框架下的Ginzburg-Landau 泛函和相应的涨落热力学一般描述。应用瞬态Ginzburg-Landau方程来描述超导转变附近的涨落输运。提出了在量子场论框架下对超导体涨落现象进行微观描述的基本方面。在后半部分，作者描绘了不同可观测值中超导涨落表现的全景。提出了不同波动对电导率、磁导率、霍尔效应、隧道电导率、热电势、核磁共振弛豫率的贡献的微观分析。讨论了 Aslamazov-Larkin、Maki-Thompson 和态密度重正化校正的物理起源。
Reading a major part of the textbooks one can have impression that the BCS theory of superconductivity is the exact one. Proposed review dispels this delusion, clearly indicating the limits of the mean field theory applicability and demonstrating existence of the wide circle of interesting phenomena being beyond its confines. The chapter presents itself both the review and the textbook of fluctuation phenomena in superconductors. Its first half is devoted to presentation of the phenomenological and microscopical methods in the description of fluctuations. The Ginzburg-Landau functional and corresponding general description of fluctuation thermodynamics in framework of the functional integration over fluctuation fields approach is introduced. Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation is is applied for the description of the fluctuation transport in the vicinity of superconducting transition. The basic aspects of the microscopic description of fluctuation phenomena in superconductors in the frameworks of the quantum field theory are presented. In the second half the authors portray a panorama of the superconductive fluctuations manifestation in different observables. The microscopic analysis of the different fluctuation contributions to the conductivity, magnetoconductivity, Hall effect, tunneling conductivity, thermopower, NMR relaxation rate is presented. The physical origin of Aslamazov-Larkin, Maki-Thompson and density of states renormalization corrections are discussed.