Long-chain n-3 PUFA in vegetarian women: a metabolic perspective.
Long-chain n-3 PUFA in vegetarian women: a metabolic perspective.
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DOI：
10.1017/jns.2017.62
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Henry CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burdge GC;Tan SY;Henry CJ
素食饮食与健康益处有关，但矛盾的是EPA和DHA含量低，这对发育，特别是中枢神经系统和健康很重要。人类从α-亚麻酸合成EPA和DHA的能力有限，尽管女性比男性更强。多油的鱼类以及较少的乳制品和肉类是饮食中EPA和DHA的主要来源。与杂食动物相比，素食者从饮食中排除这些食物与素食女性中较低的EPA和DHA状态相关。本综述的目的是评估素食孕妇的低EPA和DHA状态对儿童发育和健康的影响。母乳和素食母亲的婴儿中的EPA和DHA状态低于杂食母亲所生的婴儿，这表明在没有预先形成的膳食EPA和DHA的情况下，α-亚麻酸的合成是决定母亲怀孕期间EPA和DHA状态的重要过程。然而，还没有研究调查素食者母亲DHA水平低对儿童认知功能的影响。重要的是要解决这一知识差距，以便确信怀孕期间的素食和纯素饮食在儿童发育方面是安全的。
Vegetarian diets have been associated with health benefits, but paradoxically are low in EPA and DHA which are important for development, particularly of the central nervous system, and for health. Humans have limited capacity for synthesis of EPA and DHA from α-linolenic acid, although this is greater in women than men. Oily fish and, to a lesser extent, dairy foods and meat are the primary sources of EPA and DHA in the diet. Exclusion of these foods from the diet by vegetarians is associated consistently with lower EPA and DHA status in vegetarian women compared with omnivores. The purpose of the present review was to assess the impact of low EPA and DHA status in vegetarian pregnancies on the development and health of children. EPA and DHA status was lower in breast milk and in infants of vegetarian mothers than those born to omnivore mothers, which suggests that in the absence of pre-formed dietary EPA and DHA, synthesis from α-linolenic acid is an important process in determining maternal EPA and DHA status in pregnancy. However, there have been no studies that have investigated the effect of low maternal DHA status in vegetarians on cognitive function in children. It is important to address this gap in knowledge in order to be confident that vegetarian and vegan diets during pregnancy are safe in the context of child development.