Mycotoxin monitoring for commercial foodstuffs in Taiwan.
Mycotoxin monitoring for commercial foodstuffs in Taiwan.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jfda.2015.06.002
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Shi-Wern Chien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ming-Tzai Chen;Yuan-Hsin Hsu;Tzu-Sui Wang;Shi-Wern Chien
霉菌毒素是由某些真菌自然产生的有毒食品污染物。它们使食品不安全，无法食用，从而对人类健康产生负面影响。在这项研究中，进行了分析，以确定花生产品，坚果，香料和薏苡仁中的黄曲霉毒素（AF）的水平和发病率;小麦和烘焙咖啡中的赭曲霉毒素A（OTA），以及大米中的OTA和AF;红曲米（RYR）产品中的桔霉素（CIT）。在2012年至2013年期间，我们从九个不同的食物类别共收集了712个样本。通过卫生和福利部推荐的方法，对样本进行了2年以上的AF、OTA和CIT分析。这些官方分析方法在内部和通过实验室间试验得到了广泛验证。通过液相色谱-串联质谱分析确认疑似污染样本的分析值，以确定样本中存在的特定霉菌毒素。我们发现，689个样本（96.8%）符合卫生和福利部制定的规定。在4种花生糖制品、1种花生粉制品、1种开心果制品、1种花椒制品和1种薏苡仁制品中发现AF。所有这些都超过了花生十亿分之十五和其他食品十亿分之十的最高水平。此外，14个RYR样品的CIT含量超过百万分之五，一个RYR片剂超过了允许的最大量。在台湾首次发现四川辣椒和薏苡种子中含有大量的AFs。有关当局已采取措施，将不合标准的产品从市场上撤下，以减少消费者接触霉菌毒素。边境管制措施适用于真菌毒素污染风险较高的进口食品，如花生、四川辣椒和RYR产品。从2010年到2013年，花生制品中AF的不合格率以及RYR原料中CIT的不合格率呈下降趋势。
Mycotoxins are toxic food contaminants that are naturally produced by certain fungi. They induce negative effects on human health by making food unsafe for consumption. In this study, analyses were performed to determine the levels and incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut products, tree nuts, spices, and Coix seeds; ochratoxin A (OTA) in wheat and roasted coffee, as well as OTA and AFs in rice; and citrinin (CIT) in red yeast rice (RYR) products. A total of 712 samples from nine different food categories were collected between 2012 and 2013. The samples were analyzed over 2 years for AFs, OTA, and CIT by methods recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. These official analytical methods were extensively validated in-house and through interlaboratory trials. The analytical values of suspected contaminated specimens were confirmed by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify the specific mycotoxin present in the sample. We show that 689 samples (96.8%) complied with the regulations set by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. AFs were found in four peanut-candy products, one peanut-flour product, one pistachio product, one Sichuan-pepper product, and one Coix seed product. All had exceeded the maximum levels of 15 parts per billion for peanut and 10 parts per billion for other food products. Furthermore, 14 RYR samples contained CIT above 5 parts per million, and one RYR tablet exceeded the maximum amount allowed. Instances of AFs in substandard Sichuan pepper and Coix seeds were first detected in Taiwan. Measures were taken by the relevant authorities to remove substandard products from the market in order to decrease consumer exposure to mycotoxin. Border control measures were applied to importing food commodities with a higher risk of mycotoxin contamination, such as peanut, Sichuan pepper, and RYR products. Declining trends were observed in the noncompliance rate of AFs in peanut products, as well as that of CIT in RYR raw materials monitored from 2010 to 2013.