Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking
Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.005
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Lim, Alex F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrier, L. Mark;Rosen, Larry D.;Lim, Alex F.
每天使用电子设备进行多任务处理在所有年龄段中都很常见，但最年轻的几代人进行的日常多任务处理最多，特别是以媒体多任务的形式。在学校环境中或在家里学习时，通过技术进行多任务处理对学生来说很常见。外部因素(例如，来自智能手机的警报)和内部因素(例如，对未来在线活动的想法)都会影响多任务的流行。尽管实验室研究表明，执行并发任务会受到处理瓶颈和切换成本的影响，但现实生活中的日常多任务处理在几个方面不同于实验室的双重任务情景，包括涉及两个以上的任务，通过在较长时间内交错处理任务来进行，以及在资源分配和设定优先事项方面允许更大的灵活性。从理论上讲，日常多任务处理应该能够实现一定的处理效率。然而，实证研究表明，学习、做作业、上课时学习、从其他来源学习、成绩和平均绩点都可能受到技术同时处理多项任务的负面影响。与其他年轻人相比，经常同时处理多项任务的年轻人可能更不善于忽视无关的环境信息，但极端多任务处理对其他认知结果的影响并不明显。所有年龄段的人都可以使用一些策略来最大限度地减少多任务处理，减少在执行重要任务时的分心，比如学习或做作业。(C)2014 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Everyday multitasking with electronic devices is common among all age groups, but the youngest generations of persons carry out the most everyday multitasking, especially in the form of media multitasking. Multitasking via technology in school settings or at home while studying is common for students. Both external factors (e.g., alerts from smartphones) and internal factors (e.g., thoughts about future online activities) influence multitasking prevalence. Although laboratory research has shown that performing concurrent tasks is subject to processing bottlenecks and to switch costs, real-life everyday multitasking is different from laboratory dual-task scenarios in several ways, including having more than two tasks involved, proceeding by interleaving tasks over extended periods of time, and allowing more flexibility in resource allocation and setting of priorities. Theoretically, everyday multitasking should be capable of achieving some processing efficiencies. Yet, empirical research shows that studying, doing homework, learning during lectures, learning from other sources, grades, and GPA likely are all negatively affected by concurrent multitasking with technology. Young people who frequently multitask compared with other young people may be poorer at ignoring irrelevant environmental information, but the effects of extreme multitasking on other cognitive outcomes are not clear-cut. There are strategies that people of all ages can use to minimize multitasking and reduce distractions when they are performing important tasks such as studying or doing homework. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.