Perceptual automaticity in expert chess players: Parallel encoding of chess relations
Perceptual automaticity in expert chess players: Parallel encoding of chess relations
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196185
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Stampe, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reingold, EM;Charness, N;Stampe, DM
在棋盘的5 × 5部分中采用检查检测任务，该棋盘包含K和一个或两个潜在的检查棋子。检查状态（即，检查的存在或不存在）和攻击者的数量（一个或两个）被操纵。结果发现，反应时间成本增加干扰是差异较大，在没有审判比是审判的新手，但不是专家，国际象棋选手。此外，我们将标准检查检测试验与两个攻击者之一被提示（红色）的试验进行了对比，任务是确定提示攻击者的检查状态，同时忽略另一个攻击者。我们记录了一个Stroop样的干扰效应，在试验中，一个暗示的非检查攻击者与一个正在检查的攻击者一起出现（即，不一致）。这些研究结果表明自动和并行编码程序的国际象棋关系的专家。
A check detection task in a 5 x 5 section of the chessboard, containing a King and one or two potential checking pieces was employed. The checking status (i.e., the presence or absence of a check) and the number of attackers (one or two) were manipulated. It was found that the reaction time cost for adding a distractor was differentially greater in no trials than yes trials for novice, but not for expert, chess players. In addition, we contrasted standard check detection trials with trials in which one of two attackers was cued (colored red) and the task was to determine the checking status of the cued attacker while ignoring the other attacker. We documented a Stroop-like interference effect on trials in which a cued nonchecking attacker appeared together with an attacker that was checking (i.e., incongruent). These findings suggest automatic and parallel encoding procedures for chess relations in experts.