Brain activity and infant attachment history in young men during loss and reward processing.
Brain activity and infant attachment history in young men during loss and reward processing.
复制标题
年轻男性在损失和奖励处理过程中的大脑活动和婴儿依恋史。
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579417000116
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Forbes,ErikaE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quevedo,Karina;Waters,TheodoreEA;Scott,Hannah;Roisman,GlennI;Shaw,DanielS;Forbes,ErikaE
现在有充分的证据表明，早期依恋体验的质量塑造了对支持性和响应性护理的期望，并最终有助于适应发展的突出任务。尽管如此，很少有研究确定可能引起这些关联的神经机制。使用一个中等规模的样本低收入男性参与者招募在婴儿期（N = 171），我们研究了预测意义的依恋不安全感和混乱在18个月的年龄（在奇怪的情况下程序测量）的神经激活模式，以奖励和损失在20岁（在奖励为基础的任务作为功能磁共振成像扫描的一部分进行评估）。结果表明，有不安全依恋历史的个体在（a）奖励和情感相关（例如，基底神经节和杏仁核）结构和（B）响应于积极和消极结果（以及对这些结果的预期）的情绪调节和自我参照处理（皮质中线结构）。此外，有无组织依恋史的个体的神经激活表明，他们在预期奖励时有更大的情绪反应，并在遇到负面结果时采用更大的认知控制。总的来说，研究结果表明，早期依恋的质量对大脑功能和奖励处理有持久的影响。
There is now ample evidence that the quality of early attachment experiences shapes expectations for supportive and responsive care and ultimately serves to scaffold adaptation to the salient tasks of development. Nonetheless, few studies have identified neural mechanisms that might give rise to these associations. Using a moderately large sample of low-income male participants recruited during infancy (N = 171), we studied the predictive significance of attachment insecurity and disorganization at age 18 months (as measured in the Strange Situation Procedure) for patterns of neural activation to reward and loss at age 20 years (assessed during a reward-based task as part of a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan). Results indicated that individuals with a history of insecure attachment showed hyperactivity in (a) reward- and emotion-related (e.g., basal ganglia and amygdala) structures and (b) emotion regulation and self-referential processing (cortical midline structures) in response to positive and negative outcomes (and anticipation of those outcomes). Further, the neural activation of individuals with a history of disorganized attachment suggested that they had greater emotional reactivity in anticipation of reward and employed greater cognitive control when negative outcomes were encountered. Overall, results suggest that the quality of early attachments has lasting impacts on brain function and reward processing.