Cacophony of Voices: A K’iche’ Mayan Narrative of Remembrance and Forgetting
Cacophony of Voices: A K’iche’ Mayan Narrative of Remembrance and Forgetting
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刺耳的声音：K’iche’玛雅的记忆与遗忘叙事
DOI：
10.1177/136346150003700305
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Foxen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Foxen
本文分析了战争和恐怖局势下集体和个人记忆过程之间的联系和分裂。危地马拉36年内战最残酷的时期过去近20年后，“记忆”和“真相”的概念已成为关键的社会政治问题;机构记忆项目在和平进程和玛雅政治斗争中占有重要地位。然而，对于许多玛雅印第安人来说，过去暴力的经历和解释并没有被“社会记忆”的统一叙述所容纳或代表。许多玛雅印第安人的战后记忆工作在众多的话语和策略（主观的，地方的，国家的和跨国的）之间摇摆不定，这些话语和策略被用来从混乱的过去和不稳定的现在中“弄清楚”。通过研究一个单一的跨国K 'iche'玛雅人的故事，并把它放在其特定的文化，历史和社区背景下，文章质疑的概念，“社会记忆”和“真相”，传统上用于制度的政治话语。它还涉及有关创伤和暴力的科学（精神病学）文献，这些文献往往将记忆框定在有关个人主义，道德和叙事连贯性的明显西方假设中。它认为，玛雅人的记忆工作福尔斯落在这些权威机构和话语的边界之外，平衡各种世界观和对过去暴行的解释的能力成为战后支离破碎时代的一种重要应对机制，历史上也是如此。
This article analyzes the links and cleavages between collective and individual memory processes following a situation of war and terror. Nearly two decades after the most brutal period of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war, the notions of ‘memory’ and ‘truth’ have become critical socio-political issues; institutional memory projects have taken an important place in the peace process and in Mayanist political struggles. For many Mayan Indians, however, experiences of, and explanations for, past violence are not accommodated or represented by a unified narrative of ‘social memory.’ The postwar memory work of many Mayan Indians vacillates between a multitude of discourses and strategies (subjective, local, national and transnational) used to ‘make sense’ out of a chaotic past and unstable present. By examining the story of a single transnational K’iche’ Mayan man and placing it within its particular cultural, historical and communal context, the article problematizes the notion of ‘social memory’ and ‘truth’ as used conventionally in institutional political discourse. It also engages the scientific (psychiatric) literature on trauma and violence, which tends to frame memory within distinctly Western assumptions regarding individualism, morality and narrative coherence. It argues that, for Mayans whose memory work falls outside the boundaries of such authoritative institutions and discourses, the ability to balance a variety of world views and explanations for past brutality becomes a crucial coping mechanism in the fragmented post-war era, as it has historically.