Symbolism, knowledge and management of soil and land resources in indigenous communities: Ethnopedology at global, regional and local scales
Symbolism, knowledge and management of soil and land resources in indigenous communities: Ethnopedology at global, regional and local scales
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DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2005.11.001
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发表时间：
2006-02-28
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Van Ranst, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrera-Bassols, N;Zinck, JA;Van Ranst, E
民族教育学是一门介于自然科学和社会科学之间的混合学科。在过去的几十年里，民族土壤学的研究范围已经从描述性转向解释性，从单一学科转向综合性，同时民族土壤学研究的数量呈指数级增长。目前的研究重点是整合构建土壤和土地资源社会理论的三个主要领域，即符号（Kosmos）、认知（Corpus）和管理（Praxis）维度，形成K-C-P复合体或民族生态学模型。本文从全球到区域到地方的多尺度视角，利用K-C-P模型对原住民的土壤知识体系进行整体分析。在全球范围内，民族教育学在更大的背景下进行分析，将土著人民、语言-生物-农业多样性和本土环境知识结合在一起，作为一个框架，允许对民族教育学作为一门变异和发展的学科进行评估。在区域尺度上，中美洲民族土壤学从民族历史的角度进行分析，以突出当代土著土壤知识体系中的哪些元素是从前哥伦布时代继承的，哪些是从殖民时期继承的。在当地尺度上，以墨西哥帕茨夸罗湖流域的普赫佩查社区旧金山皮查塔罗为例，探索原住民采用的K-C-P模式进行水土流失控制和多用途土地管理。除其他外，强调了两个主要结论：（1）存在通用的 K-C-P 标准，特别是生活在不同农业生态区的土著人民随着时间的推移而制定的土壤分类系统和管理实践之间的共性； (2) 当地人民的观念和信念与决策的相关性，农村发展计划应考虑到这一点。 (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Ethnopedology is a hybrid discipline situated at the interface between natural and social sciences. Over the last decades, the scope of ethnopedological research has moved from descriptive to explanatory and from monodisciplinary to integrated, while at the same time the number of ethnopedological studies has increased exponentially. Current research focuses on integration of the three main domains that structure the social theories of soil and land resources, namely the symbolic (Kosmos), cognitive (Corpus) and management (Praxis) dimensions, forming the K-C-P complex or ethnoecological model. In this paper, ethnopedology is approached in a multi-scalar perspective, from global to regional to local, using the K-C-P model to analyze the soil knowledge systems of indigenous people in a holistic manner. At global scale, ethnopedology is analyzed in the larger context, bringing together indigenous peoples, linguistic-biologic-agricultural diversities and indigenous environmental knowledge, as a framework allowing the assessment of ethnopedology as a mutating and growing discipline. At regional scale, Mesoamerican ethnopedology is analyzed from an ethnohistorical perspective to highlight which elements in the contemporary indigenous soil knowledge system have been inherited from pre-Columbian times and which from the colonial period. At local scale, San Francisco Pichataro, a Purhepecha community in the Patzcuaro Lake basin of Mexico, is taken as an example for exploring the K-C-P model handled by indigenous people for soil erosion control and multi-purpose land management. Among others, two main conclusions are highlighted: (1) the existence of universal K-C-P criteria, in particular commonalities between soil classification systems and management practices, developed over time by indigenous peoples living in different agro-ecological zones; and (2) the relevance of perceptions and beliefs in decision-making by local people, which should be taken into account in rural development programs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.