Stoichiometric Traits Vary Widely Within Species: A Meta-Analysis of Common Garden Experiments
Stoichiometric Traits Vary Widely Within Species: A Meta-Analysis of Common Garden Experiments
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2019.00339
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
K. Lemmen;Orpheus M. Butler;Thomas Koffel;Seth M. Rudman;C. C. Symons-C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Lemmen;Orpheus M. Butler;Thomas Koffel;Seth M. Rudman;C. C. Symons-C.
“生态化学计量学”是一个明确关注生物体和生态系统内部和之间的化学元素平衡和流动的框架，为许多生物模式和过程提供了重要的见解。尽管近几十年来化学计量学研究的激增和化学计量性状快速进化的潜力的认识，物种内化学计量性状的遗传变异的患病率仍然不清楚。我们汇编了30个已发表的广泛的类群（包括无脊椎动物，脊椎动物和自养生物）的常见花园研究的数据，以研究遗传变异如何影响元素的获取，同化，分配（AAA），组成和排泄。为了量化给定性状的遗传变异程度，我们计算了同一个花园内的群体（820个群体和708个基因型比较）的成对比较的绝对平均反应比。我们观察到大量的种内变异的化学计量性状的种群和基因型之间，然而，变异的幅度是更大的AAA性状（人口和基因型对比的影响大小分别为20和164%）和排泄（影响大小为52和23%）比碳含量（2.1和3.1%）和氮（4.5和24%）。这些结果表明，某些元素的内容可能是进化上的限制相对于AAA性状，确定这些元素的处理，和一个单一的重点元素的内容会低估种内遗传变异的重要性，特别是在人口。在许多性状类型的变异是更大的基因型之间的人口比跨人口。最后，我们比较了对不同的磷（P）可用性的环境中的人口对具有相似的P可用性。测量的性状的遗传变异是相似的，无论从哪个基因型被隔离的P环境，这表明在不同环境中的元素可用性的差异不一定驱动增强的性状分歧。总的来说，我们的研究结果突出了大量的种内化学计量性状的变化，并强调了种内变异在驱动生态和进化过程中的潜在重要性。
“Ecological stoichiometry,” a framework that focuses explicitly on the balances and flows of chemical elements within and between organisms and ecosystems, has provided crucial insights into many biological patterns and processes. Despite the proliferation of stoichiometrically-focused studies in recent decades and recognition of the potential for rapid evolution of stoichiometric traits, the prevalence of genetic variation in stoichiometric traits within species remains unclear. We compiled data from 30 published common garden studies of a broad range of taxa (including invertebrates, vertebrates, and autotrophs) to examine how genetic variation influences the acquisition, assimilation, allocation (AAA), composition, and excretion of elements. To quantify the extent of genetic variation for a given trait we calculated the absolute mean response ratio from pairwise comparisons of populations within the same common garden (820 population and 708 genotype comparisons). We observed substantial intraspecific variation of stoichiometric traits across populations and among genotypes; however, the magnitude of variation was greater in AAA traits (effect sizes of 20 and 164% for population and genotype contrasts, respectively) and excretion (effect sizes of 52 and 23%) than in content of carbon (2.1 and 3.1%) and nitrogen (4.5 and 24%). These results suggest that the content of some elements may be evolutionarily constrained relative to AAA traits that determine the processing of these elements, and that a sole focus on elemental content would underestimate the importance of intraspecific genetic variation, particularly within populations. Across many trait types the variation was greater among genotypes within a population than across populations. Finally, we compared pairs of populations from environments with different phosphorus (P) availability to pairs of populations with similar P availability. Genetic variation in the traits measured was similar regardless of the P environment from which genotypes were isolated, suggesting that differences in elemental availability across environments do not necessarily drive enhanced trait divergence. Overall, our results highlight the substantial amount of intraspecific variation in stoichiometric traits and underscore the potential importance of intraspecific variation in driving ecological and evolutionary processes.