Advanced Simulation of Quantum Computations
Advanced Simulation of Quantum Computations
复制标题
量子计算的高级模拟
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
R. Wille
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alwin Zulehner;R. Wille
量子计算是一种有前途的新兴技术，与传统计算相比，它允许大幅加速，例如，用于整数分解或数据库搜索。然而，由于量子计算机的物理实现还处于起步阶段，因此该领域的大量研究仍然依赖于在传统机器上模拟量子计算。这导致了一个显着的复杂性，目前最先进的模拟器试图解决一个相当直接的基于阵列的表示，并通过应用大量的硬件功率。还存在基于决策图的解决方案（即，基于图的方法），其试图通过利用量子状态和操作中的冗余来解决指数复杂度。然而，这些现有的方法没有充分利用实际存在的冗余。在本文中，我们将重新审视量子计算的基础知识，研究如何更复杂地表示相应的量子态和量子运算，并最终以更有效的方式进行模拟。这导致了一种新的基于图形的仿真方法，其性能优于最先进的仿真器（基于阵列和基于图形）。实验评估表明，所提出的解决方案能够模拟比以前更多量子位的量子计算，并且运行时间明显缩短（与以前提出的模拟器相比快了几个数量级）。建议的模拟器的实现是公开的在线http://iic.jku.at/eda/research/quantum_simulation。
Quantum computation is a promising emerging technology which, compared to conventional computation, allows for substantial speed-ups, e.g., for integer factorization or database search. However, since physical realizations of quantum computers are in their infancy, a significant amount of research in this domain still relies on simulations of quantum computations on conventional machines. This causes a significant complexity which current state-of-the-art simulators try to tackle with a rather straight forward array-based representation and by applying massive hardware power. There also exist solutions based on decision diagrams (i.e., graph-based approaches) that try to tackle the exponential complexity by exploiting redundancies in quantum states and operations. However, these existing approaches do not fully exploit redundancies that are actually present. In this paper, we revisit the basics of quantum computation, investigate how corresponding quantum states and quantum operations can be represented even more compactly, and, eventually, simulated in a more efficient fashion. This leads to a new graph-based simulation approach which outperforms state-of-the-art simulators (array-based as well as graph-based). Experimental evaluations show that the proposed solution is capable of simulating quantum computations for more qubits than before, and in significantly less run-time (several magnitudes faster compared to previously proposed simulators). An implementation of the proposed simulator is publicly available online at http://iic.jku.at/eda/research/quantum_simulation.