ROLES OF AMINO ACIDS IN ANIMAL EMBRYOGENESIS
ROLES OF AMINO ACIDS IN ANIMAL EMBRYOGENESIS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-185x.1962.tb01618.x
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发表时间：
1962-01-01
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
DEUCHAR, EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DEUCHAR, EM
回顾了近20年来的文献。指出研究有五个主要的、互不相关的目的：（a）评估蛋物质的营养价值以及这些物质如何到达胚胎;（B）在生物化学水平上检测胚胎中组织分化的迹象;（c）比较胚胎与成人中氨基酸代谢的情况;（d）比较胚胎中氨基酸代谢的情况。（d）找出氨基酸本身是否能影响胚胎的分化过程;（e）对神经诱导过程中什么分子从一个组织传递到另一个组织感兴趣。目的（a）主要是在鸡蛋和鸡胚中进行的，关于鱼类和昆虫的信息很少。根据（B），两栖动物和海胆胚胎中氨基酸含量的模式与成体有一个或两个早期相似性，例如，胚胎脑中游离谷氨酰胺的含量较高。谷氨酰胺代谢是（c）项下关注的主要焦点：发育中的鸡胚中谷氨酰胺酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酰胺转移酶和谷氨酰胺脱氢酶活性增加。对胚胎中氨基酸可能诱导酶的研究是最理想的，因为迄今为止只有未经证实的证据。在（d）项下，氨基酸影响早期胚胎分化的说法被认为没有充分的根据，但有更可靠的证据表明它们可能影响后来的组织分化。给神经感应器贴上标签的尝试[aim（e）]至今还没有阐明感应的机制。最后，在氨基酸水平上的证据，在胚胎中的蛋白质代谢，进行审查。
Literature of the past 20 years is reviewed. It is pointed out that researches have had 5 main, unrelated aims: (a) to assess the nutritive value of egg materials and how these reach the embryo; (b) to detect signs of tissue differentiation in embryos, at the biochemical level; (c) to compare amino acid metabolism in embryos with that in adults; (d) to find out whether amino acids as such can influence the course of differentiation in embryos and (e) interest in what molecules pass from one tissue to another during neural induction. Aim (a) has been pursued chiefly in the hen''s egg and the chick embryo: a little information is available on fishes and insects. Under (b), patterns of amino acid content in amphibian and sea-urchin embryos have yielded one or two early resemblances to the adult, e.g. a high content of free glutamine in embryonic brain. Glutamine metabolism is the chief focus of interest under (c): glutaminase, glutamine synthetase, glutamotransferase and glutamic dehydrogenase activity increase in developing chick embryos. It is most desirable to extend investigations of possible enzyme induction by amino acids in embryos, on which there is as yet only unconfirmed evidence. Under (d), claims that amino acids influence early embryonic differentiation are considered not to be well founded, but there is more reliable evidence that they may influence later tissue differentiation. Attempts to label neural inductors [aim (e)] have so far not elucidated the mechanism of induction. Finally, evidence at the amino acid level, about protein metabolism in embryos, is reviewed.