Thinking too much: introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.
Thinking too much: introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.
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思考太多：内省会降低偏好和决策的质量。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.60.2.181
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Schooler,JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson,TD;Schooler,JW
在第一项研究中，研究人员将大学生对不同品牌草莓酱的偏好与专家对草莓酱的评价进行了比较。那些分析了为什么他们会有这种感觉的学生比那些没有分析的学生更不同意专家的观点。在研究2中，大学生对大学课程的偏好与专家意见进行了比较。一些学生被要求分析原因，其他人被要求评估所有课程的所有属性。与对照组相比，这两种内省都使人们做出了与专家意见不太相符的选择。分析原因可以将人们的注意力集中在非最佳标准上，使他们将随后的选择建立在这些标准上。评估多个属性可以缓和人们的判断，使他们减少对不同选择的区分。
In Study 1, college students' preferences for different brands of strawberry jams were compared with experts' ratings of the jams. Students who analyzed why they felt the way they did agreed less with the experts than students who did not. In Study 2, college students' preferences for college courses were compared with expert opinion. Some students were asked to analyze reasons; others were asked to evaluate all attributes of all courses. Both kinds of introspection caused people to make choices that, compared with control subjects', corresponded less with expert opinion. Analyzing reasons can focus people's attention on nonoptimal criteria, causing them to base their subsequent choices on these criteria. Evaluating multiple attributes can moderate people's judgments, causing them to discriminate less between the different alternatives.