Prediction of gully erosion susceptibilities using detailed terrain analysis and maximum entropy modeling: A case study in the Mazayejan plain, southwest Iran
Prediction of gully erosion susceptibilities using detailed terrain analysis and maximum entropy modeling: A case study in the Mazayejan plain, southwest Iran
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使用详细地形分析和最大熵建模预测沟渠侵蚀敏感性：伊朗西南部马扎耶詹平原的案例研究
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
M. Maerker
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作者：
R. Zakerinejad;M. Maerker
沟渠侵蚀是伊朗大片地区最严重的环境问题之一。土地退化和加速荒漠化是易受影响地区的后果。当地表径流集中时，通常会发生沟渠侵蚀，从而使土壤颗粒沿着斜坡分离并转移到排水网络中。在传统的土壤侵蚀研究中，这些过程常常被忽视。在本研究中，我们采用定量方法研究沟渠侵蚀过程的空间分布，因为在许多国家评估方法中仅应用定性模型。在这项研究中，我们利用了详细的地形分析和使用机械统计的随机建模方法。此外，我们预测了伊朗西南部法尔斯省马扎耶詹平原沟壑的潜在空间分布，其中沟壑侵蚀是主要的环境威胁。我们的方法包括以下步骤：i）根据谷歌地球图像绘制测试区域的沟渠侵蚀现象； ii) 开发分辨率为 10 米的数字高程模型 (DEM)，iii) 详细地形分析，得出 20 多个地形指数，iv) 在测试区域应用 Maxent 模型，使用沟渠侵蚀形式作为因变量，地形指数作为预测变量，最后 v) 预测整个研究区域沟渠侵蚀潜力的空间分布。模型性能通过接收者操作特征 (ROC) 进行评估。结果表明，Maxent模型表现良好，适用于该地区沟道侵蚀潜力的预测。在预测中使用的地形指数中，最重要的是：收敛指数、平面曲率和坡度。拟议的方法允许进行适当的沟渠侵蚀评估，以确定土壤保持和土地使用管理的优先领域。
Gully erosion is one of the most severe environmental problems in large areas of Iran. Land degradation and accelerated desertification are the consequence in susceptible areas. Gully erosion normally takes place when surface runoff is concentrated and thus, detach and transfer soil particles down the slopes into the drainage network. In traditional soil erosion studies these processes often have been neglected. In this study we investigate the spatial distribution of gully erosion processes with a quantitative method since in many national assessment approaches just qualitative models were applied. For this study we utilized a detailed terrain analysis and a stochastic modeling approach using mechanical statistics. Moreover we predict the potential spatial distribution of gullies in the Mazayejan plain of Fars province in southwestern Iran where gully erosion is the main environmental threat. Our methodological approach consists in the following steps: i) mapping of gully erosion phenomena in a test area based on Google Earth images; ii) development of a digital elevation model (DEM) with 10 meter resolution, iii) detailed terrain analysis deriving more than 20 terrain indices, iv) application of the Maxent model for the test area using the gully erosion forms as dependent variable and topographic indices as predictor variable and finally v) prediction of the spatial distribution of gully erosion potential for the entire study area. Model performance was evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). The results obtained show that the Maxent model perform very well and thus, it is suitable for the prediction of the gully erosion potential in the area. Among the terrain indices utilized in the prediction the most important ones are: convergence index, plan curvature, and slope. The proposed methodology allows conducting a proper gully erosion assessment in order to identify the priority areas for soil conservation and land use management.