Antagonistic coevolution over productivity gradients
Antagonistic coevolution over productivity gradients
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DOI：
10.1086/286194
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
van Baalen, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hochberg, ME;van Baalen, M
这项研究解决了猎物生产力和迁徙的空间异质性如何决定与捕食者对抗性共同进化的地理模式的问题。我们开发并分析了捕食者-被捕食者相互作用的定量共同进化模型。如果对模型进行适当修改，结果可以广泛适用于多物种群落以及食草动物-植物、寄生虫-宿主和拟寄生物-宿主关联。模型种群的猎物出生率（作为生产力的衡量标准）呈梯度分布。每个斑块中的每个种群都由一组菌株组成。每种捕食者都有一定的能力成功攻击每种猎物。我们考虑孤立补丁、全局迁移以及线性补丁串上的垫脚石（即本地）迁移的场景。最普遍的模式如下：捕食者进攻和猎物防御的投资在猎物生产力最高的地区都最大；当最大投资不受限制时，在生产力最高的地区，平均捕食就会发展到最高水平；同样，与低生产力斑块相比，捕食者对高生产力斑块中的猎物种群具有更大的影响（以猎物密度减少的百分比来衡量），尽管（即使在进化之后）最高生产力斑块中的猎物丰度最高；迁移的净效应是将相对进攻性和防御性的菌株从生产性斑块转移到非生产性斑块，从而可能导致消除原本罕见的、低投资的克隆。对基因对基因类型相互作用模型的修改预测，通才品系（就捕食者可以利用的品系范围或猎物可以抵御的品系范围而言）在猎物的生产区域占主导地位，而专才品系在边缘栖息地占主导地位。假设猎物的地理分布范围内生产力范围很广，那么最大的菌株多样性应该出现在中等生产力的栖息地。我们讨论了我们的研究对适应和保护的影响。实证研究与我们的发现大体一致。
This Study addresses the question of how spatial heterogeneity in prey productivity and migration act to determine geographic patterns in antagonistic coevolution with a predator. We develop and analyze a quantitative coevolutionary model for a predator-prey interaction. If the model is modified appropriately, the results could broadly apply to multispecies communities and to herbivore-plant, parasite-host, and parasitoid-host associations. Model populations are distributed over a gradient in prey birth rate (as a measure of productivity). Each population, in each patch, is made up of a suite of strains. Each strain of the predator has a certain ability to successfully attack each strain of the prey. We consider scenarios of isolated patches, global migration, and stepping-stone (i.e., local) migration over a linear string of patches. The most pervasive patterns are the following: investments in predator offense and prey defense are both maximal in the patches of highest prey productivity; when there are no constraints on maximal investment, mean predation evolves to highest levels in the most productive patches; similarly, the predator has a greater impact (measured as the percentage reduction in prey density) on the prey population in high productivity patches as compared with low productivity ones-in spite (even after evolution) of prey abundance being highest in the most productive patches; and migration has the net effect of shunting relatively offensive and defensive strains from productive patches to nonproductive ones, potentially resulting in the elimination of otherwise rare, low-investment clones. A modification of the model to gene-for-gene type interactions predicts that generalist strains (in terms of the range of strains the predator can exploit or the prey can fend off) dominate in productive areas of the prey, whereas specialists prevail in marginal habitats. Assuming a wide range of productivities over the prey's geographical distribution, the greatest strain diversity should be found in habitats of intermediate productivity. We discuss the implications of our study for adaptation and conservation. Empirical studies are in broad accord with our findings.