Cerebrovascular MRI: a review of state‐of‐the‐art approaches, methods and techniques
Cerebrovascular MRI: a review of state‐of‐the‐art approaches, methods and techniques
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.3322
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
M. E. MacDonald;R. Frayne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. E. MacDonald;R. Frayne
脑血管成像对于了解神经系统疾病非常有意义。MRI是一种非侵入性技术，可以可视化并提供以下信息：（i）主要血管的结构;（ii）这些血管中的血流速度;和（iii）微循环，包括脑灌注的评估。虽然其他医学成像模式也可以询问脑血管系统，但MR提供了全面的评估，因为它可以获得许多不同的结构和功能图像对比，同时保持高水平的患者舒适度和接受度。检查的范围仅受患者耐受性或临床时间安排限制的实际性的限制。目前，MRI方法可以提供与脑血管系统相关的一系列指标，包括：（i）通过飞行时间和对比增强成像的主要血管解剖结构;（ii）通过相位对比成像的血流速度;（iii）通过动脉自旋标记和动态团注通道方法的主要血管解剖结构和组织灌注;以及（iv）通过基于磁化率的成像的静脉造影。在为疑似脑血管异常的患者设计MRI方案时，应完全了解何时使用“MR血管造影工具包”中的每种可用技术。在这篇综述文章中，我们：（一）概述相关的解剖结构，常见的病理和替代成像方式;（二）描述上述方法的物理原理和实现;（三）提供指导的选择采集参数;（四）描述现有的和潜在的应用MRI的脑血管和疾病。本综述的重点是通过应用先进的MRI方法对脑血管动脉、毛细血管和静脉中正常和异常血流进行了解。版权所有© 2015约翰威利父子有限公司.
Cerebrovascular imaging is of great interest in the understanding of neurological disease. MRI is a non‐invasive technology that can visualize and provide information on: (i) the structure of major blood vessels; (ii) the blood flow velocity in these vessels; and (iii) the microcirculation, including the assessment of brain perfusion. Although other medical imaging modalities can also interrogate the cerebrovascular system, MR provides a comprehensive assessment, as it can acquire many different structural and functional image contrasts whilst maintaining a high level of patient comfort and acceptance. The extent of examination is limited only by the practicalities of patient tolerance or clinical scheduling limitations. Currently, MRI methods can provide a range of metrics related to the cerebral vasculature, including: (i) major vessel anatomy via time‐of‐flight and contrast‐enhanced imaging; (ii) blood flow velocity via phase contrast imaging; (iii) major vessel anatomy and tissue perfusion via arterial spin labeling and dynamic bolus passage approaches; and (iv) venography via susceptibility‐based imaging. When designing an MRI protocol for patients with suspected cerebral vascular abnormalities, it is appropriate to have a complete understanding of when to use each of the available techniques in the ‘MR angiography toolkit’. In this review article, we: (i) overview the relevant anatomy, common pathologies and alternative imaging modalities; (ii) describe the physical principles and implementations of the above listed methods; (iii) provide guidance on the selection of acquisition parameters; and (iv) describe the existing and potential applications of MRI to the cerebral vasculature and diseases. The focus of this review is on obtaining an understanding through the application of advanced MRI methodology of both normal and abnormal blood flow in the cerebrovascular arteries, capillaries and veins. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.