Lysenkoism in Poland
Lysenkoism in Poland
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波兰的李森科主义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
William deJong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
William deJong
本文介绍了Trofim D的影响和应对措施。1949年至1956年间李森科在波兰的反基因运动。它特别关注三个人的反应--特奥多尔·马鲁夫斯基、瓦恰劳·加鲁夫斯基和亚历山德拉·普特拉门特--他们是波兰争论的核心人物。除了研究这些人的反应和动机之外，本文还讨论了为什么波兰的李森科时代比匈牙利、东德德国或捷克斯洛伐克等苏联盟国的李森科时代结束得相对早，以及李森科被迫下台前9年的问题。我认为，波兰政治和波兰与苏联的关系，在解冻斯大林去世后的条件，提供了一个机会，批评李森科的“李森科主义”在波兰的对手，并恢复波兰的遗传学。这些条件与1956年6月波兹南罢工后波兰近乎革命以及次年10月爱德华·奥哈布和瓦迪斯瓦夫·戈穆茨卡之间的成功权力交接有关。
This article describes the impact of, and response to, Trofim D. Lysenko’s anti-genetics campaign in Poland between the years 1949 and 1956. It focuses particularly upon the response of three individuals – Teodor Marchlewski, Wacław Gajewski, and Aleksandra Putrament – who were central figures in the controversy in Poland. In addition to examining the responses and motivations of these individuals, the article also addresses the question of why the Lysenko-era in Poland ended relatively earlier than in neighboring Soviet-allied states such as Hungary, East Germany or Czechoslovakia, as well as 9 years before Lysenko was forced from power in the USSR. I argue that conditions specific to Polish politics and Poland’s relationship with the Soviet Union, during the Thaw after Stalin’s death, provided the opponents of “Lysenkoism” in Poland with an opportunity to criticize Lysenko, and restore Polish genetics. These conditions are linked to the near-revolution in Poland following the strike in Poznan in June, 1956, and successful transition of power between Edward Ochab and Władysław Gomułka the following October.