Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in CKD: What's Under the Hood?
Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in CKD: What's Under the Hood?
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DOI：
10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.08.030
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Townsend, Raymond R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rubin, Mario F.;Rosas, Sylvia E.;Townsend, Raymond R.
Although clinical cardiovascular outcomes, such as heart attack, stroke, and sudden cardiac death, have a dramatic onset, they result from prolonged exposure to an ever-growing array of risk factors. Several noninvasive procedures are available to assess the cumulative effect of these exposures with the goal of more precisely estimating a person's cardiovascular risk. These include ankle-brachial index, which provides an estimation of obstruction in major-vessel lumen caliber; carotid ultrasound, which evaluates carotid intima-media thickness and plaque, visibly quantifying atherosclerotic burden; aortic pulse wave velocity, which provides a measure of large-artery stiffness; and echocardiography, which measures left ventricular mass, providing a measure of subclinical hypertensive heart disease. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of each of these measures, with a particular emphasis on patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 57(3):488-497. (C) 2011 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
