Writing quality, reading skills, and domain knowledge as factors in text comprehension.
Writing quality, reading skills, and domain knowledge as factors in text comprehension.
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写作质量、阅读技巧和领域知识是文本理解的因素。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Walter Kintsch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Julia E. Moravcsik;Walter Kintsch
受试者聆听并回忆起三个段落。每个科目还接受了一般阅读理解测试。这些段落的呈现方式要么是受试者可以利用他们的常识来帮助理解它们，要么是以似乎没有特定的世界知识适用的方式呈现。这是通过给段落一个有用的标题而不是没有标题或无用的标题来实现的。这些段落以两个不同的版本写成，保留了内容，但风格有所不同。在一个版本中，语言在向听众传达话语重要性方面尽了最大的帮助，而在另一个版本中，语言在我们仍在编写英语文本的同时却毫无帮助。所有三个因素——领域知识、写作风格和技能——都会显着影响再现回忆，并且这些因素之间没有相互作用。然而，虽然良好的写作足以改善文本的再现，但对受试者的回忆阐述的分析表明，他们阐述的正确性在很大程度上取决于适当领域知识的可用性。因此，良好的写作和领域知识并不是简单地可以替代的，而是以不同的方式影响理解。
Subjects listened to and recalled three passages. Each subject was also given a general reading comprehension test. The passages were presented either in such a way that subjects could use their general knowledge to help understand them, or in such a way that no specific world knowledge seemed applicable. This was achieved by giving the passages a helpful title, versus no title or an unhelpful title. The passages were written in two different versions, preserving their content but varying their style. In one version, the language was as helpful as we could make it in signalling to the listener discourse importance, while in the other version the language was as unhelpful as we could make it while still writing an English text. All three factors--domain knowledge, writing style, and skill--significantly affected reproductive recall, and there were no interactions between these factors. However, while good writing was sufficient to improve the reproduction of the texts, an analysis of the recall elaborations subjects made revealed that the correctness of their elaborations depended strongly on the availability of appropriate domain knowledge. Thus, good writing and domain knowledge are not simply substitutable, but affect comprehension in somewhat different ways.