Intrasulcal electrocorticography in macaque monkeys with minimally invasive neurosurgical protocols.
Intrasulcal electrocorticography in macaque monkeys with minimally invasive neurosurgical protocols.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2011.00034
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Hasegawa I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsuo T;Kawasaki K;Osada T;Sawahata H;Suzuki T;Shibata M;Miyakawa N;Nakahara K;Iijima A;Sato N;Kawai K;Saito N;Hasegawa I
皮层电图（ECoG），多通道脑表面记录和刺激与探针电极阵列，已成为一个强大的方法，不仅为临床神经外科，而且为基础神经科学使用动物模型。这种高度进化的灵长类动物的大脑有很深的脑沟，脑回和脑沟内皮层区域都参与了重要的功能过程。然而，直接的实验进入通常限于脑回区域，因为在不损伤周围组织的情况下将探针放置到脑沟中是困难的。在这里，我们描述了一种新的方法，在猕猴的龈内ECoG。利用微机电系统技术设计并制作了超薄柔性猕猴探针。我们开发了微创手术方案，通过引入人类神经外科的尖端设备来植入探针。为了评价龈内皮层电图的可行性，我们进行了电生理记录和刺激实验。首先，我们将Parylene-C为基础的探针部分插入上级颞沟，比较视觉诱发的ECoG反应，从下颞叶皮层的表面的沟的腹侧银行。功率谱密度和信噪比的分析表明，脑沟内外的ECoG信号质量相当。组织学检查显示植入区域无明显物理损伤。第二，我们将一个改良的硅胶ECoG探针放置在中央沟和中央前回表面进行刺激。与脑回刺激相比，沟内刺激期间肌肉抽搐的持续时间显著较低。这些结果表明，在猕猴的龈内ECoG的可行性。这里提出的新方法开辟了神经科学研究的新前沿，使整个大脑的电活动的直接测量和操纵成为可能。
Electrocorticography (ECoG), multichannel brain-surface recording and stimulation with probe electrode arrays, has become a potent methodology not only for clinical neurosurgery but also for basic neuroscience using animal models. The highly evolved primate's brain has deep cerebral sulci, and both gyral and intrasulcal cortical regions have been implicated in important functional processes. However, direct experimental access is typically limited to gyral regions, since placing probes into sulci is difficult without damaging the surrounding tissues. Here we describe a novel methodology for intrasulcal ECoG in macaque monkeys. We designed and fabricated ultra-thin flexible probes for macaques with micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. We developed minimally invasive operative protocols to implant the probes by introducing cutting-edge devices for human neurosurgery. To evaluate the feasibility of intrasulcal ECoG, we conducted electrophysiological recording and stimulation experiments. First, we inserted parts of the Parylene-C-based probe into the superior temporal sulcus to compare visually evoked ECoG responses from the ventral bank of the sulcus with those from the surface of the inferior temporal cortex. Analyses of power spectral density and signal-to-noise ratio revealed that the quality of the ECoG signal was comparable inside and outside of the sulcus. Histological examination revealed no obvious physical damage in the implanted areas. Second, we placed a modified silicone ECoG probe into the central sulcus and also on the surface of the precentral gyrus for stimulation. Thresholds for muscle twitching were significantly lower during intrasulcal stimulation compared to gyral stimulation. These results demonstrate the feasibility of intrasulcal ECoG in macaques. The novel methodology proposed here opens up a new frontier in neuroscience research, enabling the direct measurement and manipulation of electrical activity in the whole brain.