Parent ratings of EAS temperaments in twins, full siblings, half siblings, and step siblings.
Parent ratings of EAS temperaments in twins, full siblings, half siblings, and step siblings.
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.723
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发表时间：
1995-04
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
K. Saudino;S. Mcguire;D. Reiss;E. Hetherington;R. Plomin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Saudino;S. Mcguire;D. Reiss;E. Hetherington;R. Plomin
双胞胎/家庭设计被用来探索基因对人格的贡献；评估双胞胎和非双胞胎是否产生不同的遗传结果；以及测试对比效应的存在，对比效应是评分者将一个兄弟姐妹与另一个兄弟姐妹进行对比的倾向，从而放大现有的行为差异。样本包括708对10至18岁的青少年同性兄弟姐妹。配对包括同卵双胞胎(同卵；MZ)和异卵双胞胎(DZ)，以及在非离婚家庭中的完全兄弟姐妹；以及在继母家庭中的完全、同父异母和不相关的兄弟姐妹。父母在EAS气质调查中对孩子的气质进行了评分(A.H.巴斯和R.Plomin，1984)。模型拟合分析显示，四个EAS维度中的每一个都受到显著的遗传影响；然而，对于某些维度，双胞胎的遗传力估计明显大于非双胞胎。总体而言，这些数据最好地用兄弟姐妹交互作用模型来描述，这表明了显著的对比效应。
A twin/family design was used to explore genetic contributions to personality; to evaluate whether twins and nontwins yield different genetic results; and to test for the presence of contrast effects, the tendency of a rater to contrast one sibling with the other, thereby magnifying existing behavioral differences. The sample consisted of 708 adolescent same-sex sibling pairs from 10 to 18 years of age. Pairs included identical (monozygotic; MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic; DZ) twins, and full siblings in nondivorced families; and full, half, and unrelated siblings in stepfamilies. Mothers and fathers rated the temperament of their children on the EAS Temperament Survey (A. H. Buss & R. Plomin, 1984). Model-fitting analyses revealed significant genetic influences on each of the four EAS dimensions; however, for some dimensions, heritability estimates were significantly greater for twins than for nontwins. Overall, the data were best described by a sibling interaction model, which indicated significant contrast effects.