Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space
Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s41116-017-0009-6
复制
发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
20.9
通讯作者：
E. Kilpua;H. Koskinen;T. Pulkkinen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kilpua;H. Koskinen;T. Pulkkinen
行星际日冕物质抛射（ICME）是源自太阳的大规模日光层瞬变现象。当ICME比前面的太阳风足够快时，冲击波会在ICME之前形成。激波和ICME之间的湍流区称为鞘区。从基本等离子体物理学的观点来看，ICME及其鞘层和激波都是有趣的结构。它们也是日光层和行星环境中空间天气扰动的主要驱动因素。ICME驱动的冲击波可以将带电粒子加速到高能量。鞘层和ICME驱动了几乎所有强烈的地球空间风暴，它们也可以显著影响行星辐射环境和大气。本文综述了基于五十年研究的ICME及其相关鞘区的观测特征和性质。此外，我们还讨论了ICME的建模及其起源，演变和影响的许多基本悬而未决的问题，主要是由于这些宏观尺度结构的单一航天器观测的局限性。我们还介绍了目前对这些大规模太阳风结构的空间天气后果的理解，包括对其他太阳系行星和系外行星的影响。我们特别强调鞘和ICME的不同起源，性质和后果。
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a shock wave develops ahead of the ICME. The turbulent region between the shock and the ICME is called the sheath region. ICMEs and their sheaths and shocks are all interesting structures from the fundamental plasma physics viewpoint. They are also key drivers of space weather disturbances in the heliosphere and planetary environments. ICME-driven shock waves can accelerate charged particles to high energies. Sheaths and ICMEs drive practically all intense geospace storms at the Earth, and they can also affect dramatically the planetary radiation environments and atmospheres. This review focuses on the current understanding of observational signatures and properties of ICMEs and the associated sheath regions based on five decades of studies. In addition, we discuss modelling of ICMEs and many fundamental outstanding questions on their origin, evolution and effects, largely due to the limitations of single spacecraft observations of these macro-scale structures. We also present current understanding of space weather consequences of these large-scale solar wind structures, including effects at the other Solar System planets and exoplanets. We specially emphasize the different origin, properties and consequences of the sheaths and ICMEs.