Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in plants: Role of ATG8 proteins in formation and functioning of autophagosomes
Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in plants: Role of ATG8 proteins in formation and functioning of autophagosomes
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DOI：
10.1134/s0006297916040052
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发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Ryabovol;F. V. Minibayeva;F. Minibayeva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Ryabovol;F. V. Minibayeva;F. Minibayeva
自噬是植物细胞降解和清除有害或受损细胞内成分的有效途径。它在细胞内结构的再循环（在饥饿期间，去除植物发育期间形成的或被各种应激因素破坏的细胞组分）和程序性细胞死亡中起重要作用。在形态学上，自噬的特征在于形成称为自噬体的双膜囊泡，其对于细胞质组分的分离和降解是必需的。在自噬蛋白（ATG）中，来自泛素样蛋白家族的ATG 8在自噬体形成中起关键作用。ATG8还参与选择性自噬、自噬体与空泡的融合以及其他一些与自噬无关的细胞内过程。与携带单个ATG8基因的酵母不同，植物具有多基因ATG8家族。植物中如此巨大的ATG8多样性的原因尚不清楚。目前还不清楚ATG8家族的所有成员是否都参与自噬体的形成和功能。为了回答这些问题，需要鉴定ATG8家族植物蛋白的结构和可能的功能。在这篇综述中，我们分析了ATG8蛋白的结构从植物和同源物从酵母和动物细胞，ATG8蛋白与功能配体的相互作用，以及在真核生物中的不同代谢过程中的参与。
Autophagy is an efficient way of degradation and removal of unwanted or damaged intracellular components in plant cells. It plays an important role in recycling of intracellular structures (during starvation, removal of cell components formed during plant development or damaged by various stress factors) and in programmed cell death. Morphologically, autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which are essential for the isolation and degradation of cytoplasmic components. Among autophagic (ATG) proteins, ATG8 from the ubiquitinlike protein family plays a key role in autophagosome formation. ATG8 is also involved in selective autophagy, fusion of autophagosome with the vacuole, and some other intracellular processes not associated with autophagy. In contrast to yeasts that carry a singleATG8gene, plants have multigeneATG8families. The reason for such great ATG8 diversity in plants remains unclear. It is also unknown whether all members of the ATG8 family are involved in the formation and functioning of autophagosomes. To answer these questions, the identification of the structure and the possible functions of plant proteins from ATG8 family is required. In this review, we analyze the structures of ATG8 proteins from plants and their homologs from yeast and animal cells, interactions of ATG8 proteins with functional ligands, and involvement of ATG8 proteins in different metabolic processes in eukaryotes.