Stress during feather development predicts fitness potential
Stress during feather development predicts fitness potential
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00602.x
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Murza, GL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bortolotti, GR;Dawson, RD;Murza, GL
1. 个体素质的测量对于生物学中的直接因素和最终因素的研究非常重要。发育史的记录尤其可取，因为许多表型性状会受到生长过程中条件的影响。羽毛中明显的不规则性（称为断层条）是由羽毛生长过程中发生的各种应力造成的。对来自加拿大繁殖种群的 1919 只成年美洲红隼的初级羽毛和尾羽（1 年前生长）的断层频率进行了评估（1990-97 年）。2。大多数（91.5%）鸟类表现出一些断层，尽管雌性比雄性拥有更多的断层羽毛（分别为 17% 和 14%）。体型大小、血液感染强度和白细胞分类均与断层条无关；然而，断层较多的鸡在产蛋前（雄性）和孵化期（雄性和雌性）身体状况较差。 3．红隼个体的断层羽毛数量逐年趋于一致。4．带有断层条的羽毛的百分比与春天到来的时间或每个领地的猎物丰度无关；然而，具有许多条纹的雌雄鸟类繁殖的可能性较小。鸟类的配对不是随机的，因为配偶的故障条频率往往相似。拥有许多条的雄性和雌性的产蛋开始日期明显较晚，但对于产蛋大小或鸡蛋大小没有负面影响。5。断层较多的雌性红隼的生存概率较低。如果它们有很多条带，那么在最初的条带后的几年内，两种性别都不太可能被重新捕获，这表明它们更有可能暂时从研究区域移民。6。羽毛上的断层条似乎表明了个体对压力的敏感性，并且可用于预测健康的组成部分。断层条的使用是一种很有前途的方法，因为它们很容易评估，并且可以随着时间的推移对活鸟或死鸟、换羽羽毛和个体进行反复评估。
1. Measures of the quality of an individual are important in the study of proximate and ultimate factors in biology. Records of developmental history are particularly desirable, as many phenotypical traits are influenced by conditions during growth. Conspicuous irregularities in feathers, known as fault bars, result from a variety of stresses that occur during feather growth. The frequency of fault bars was evaluated on primary and tail feathers (grown 1 year previously) of 1919 adult American kestrels from a breeding population in Canada (1990-97).2. Most (91.5%) birds exhibited some fault-barring, although females had significantly more feathers with fault bars than mates (17% vs. 14%, respectively). Body size, intensity of haematozoan infections and leucocyte differentials were all unrelated to fault bars; however, birds with many fault bars were in poor body condition during prelaying (males) and incubation (males and females).3. Individual kestrels tended to be consistent in the number of feathers with fault bars from year to year.4. The percentage of feathers with fault bars was not associated with the timing of arrival in spring or prey abundance per territory; however, birds of both sexes with many bars were less likely to breed. Birds paired non-randomly, as mates tended to have a similar frequency of fault bars. Males and females with many bars had significantly later clutch initiation dates, but there were no negative consequences regarding clutch size or egg size.5. Female kestrels with many fault bars had lower survival probabilities. Both sexes were also less likely to be recaptured in years following initial banding if they had many bars, suggesting that they were more likely to emigrate from the study area temporarily.6. Fault bars on feathers appear to be indicative of an individual's susceptibility to stress, and are useful in predicting components of fitness. The use of fault bars is a promising toot as they are easy to evaluate and can be assessed on live or dead birds, on moulted feathers and on individuals repeatedly over time.