Current concepts in apoptosis: the physiological suicide program revisited.
Current concepts in apoptosis: the physiological suicide program revisited.
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DOI：
10.2478/s11658-006-0041-3
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Bhat GK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chowdhury I;Tharakan B;Bhat GK
细胞凋亡，或程序性细胞死亡（PCD），涉及一个复杂的网络的生化途径，通常确保细胞增殖和营业额之间的稳态平衡，在几乎所有的组织。细胞凋亡对身体是必不可少的，因为它的失调会导致几种疾病。它在多种生理事件中起主要作用，包括胚胎发育、组织更新、瘢痕诱导的组织萎缩、炎性细胞的去除以及肉芽组织向瘢痕组织的演变。它在伤口修复中也有重要作用。涉及细胞凋亡的各种细胞和生化机制尚未完全了解。然而，有两个主要的途径，外源性途径（受体介导的凋亡途径）和内源性途径（细胞因子介导的凋亡途径），这两者都是很好地建立。两者的关键组成部分是激活半胱天冬酶级联反应。半胱天冬酶属于蛋白酶家族，其最终通过切割一组蛋白质而导致细胞解体。虽然半胱天冬酶介导的蛋白水解级联反应代表了凋亡反应的中心点，但其启动受到多种其他因素的严格调控。其中，Bcl-2家族蛋白、TNF和p53在caspase激活的调节和细胞凋亡的调节中起关键作用。本文综述了细胞凋亡作为一种生理性的细胞自杀程序的概念，并着重介绍了其研究的最新进展。
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), involves a complex network of biochemical pathways that normally ensure a homeostatic balance between cellular proliferation and turnover in nearly all tissues. Apoptosis is essential for the body, as its deregulation can lead to several diseases. It plays a major role in a variety of physiological events, including embryonic development, tissue renewal, hormone-induced tissue atrophy, removal of inflammatory cells, and the evolution of granulation tissue into scar tissue. It also has an essential role in wound repair. The various cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in apoptosis are not fully understood. However, there are two major pathways, the extrinsic pathway (receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway) and the intrinsic pathway (mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway), which are both well established. The key component in both is the activation of the caspase cascade. Caspases belong to the family of proteases that ultimately, by cleaving a set of proteins, cause disassembly of the cell. Although the caspase-mediated proteolytic cascade represents a central point in the apoptotic response, its initiation is tightly regulated by a variety of other factors. Among them, Bcl-2 family proteins, TNF and p53 play pivotal roles in the regulation of caspase activation and in the regulation of apoptosis. This review summarizes the established concepts in apoptosis as a physiological cell suicide program, highlighting the recent and significant advances in its study.