Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema.
Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema.
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星形胶质细胞对水矿物质平衡和脑水肿的调节
DOI：
10.3389/fnmol.2018.00204
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Parpura V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang YF;Parpura V
维持水矿物质平衡（HB）是细胞、组织、器官和系统水平生命活动的必要条件。这种活性被认为是渗透调节系统的功能，该系统集中于下丘脑加压素（VP）神经元，它可以反射性地将VP释放到大脑和血液中以满足HB的需求。最近，星形胶质细胞除了在细胞和组织水平上充当 HB 调节器之外，还已成为渗透调节系统的重要组成部分。星形胶质细胞表达渗透压感受器的所有成分，包括水通道蛋白、细胞外基质分子、整合素和瞬时受体电位通道，其操作动态范围使它们能够检测和响应渗透压变化，可能比神经元更有效。由此产生的反应，即视上核和室旁核的星形胶质细胞形态和功能可塑性，可以通过物理和化学方式传递到邻近的 VP 神经元，从而在系统水平上影响 HB。此外，星形胶质细胞，特别是心室周围器官中的星形胶质细胞，不仅参与VP介导的渗透压调节，还参与其他渗透压调节激素的调节，包括利尿钠肽和血管紧张素。因此，星形胶质细胞在局部/大脑和全身 HB 中发挥作用。星形细胞对渗透挑战的适应性反应与神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和水通道蛋白 4 表达相关的信号转导事件有关，以促进细胞存活和修复。然而，长时间的渗透压会引发炎症和细胞凋亡信号传导过程，导致神经胶质功能障碍和多种脑部疾病。在许多脑损伤和水矿物质紊乱疾病中，细胞毒性和渗透性脑水肿是最常见的病理表现。低钠血症是渗透性脑水肿的最常见原因。过快纠正低钠血症可能导致脑桥中央髓鞘溶解症。缺血性中风是细胞毒性脑水肿的例证。在这篇综述中，我们总结并分析了星形胶质细胞的渗透感觉功能及其在脑水肿中的意义。
Maintenance of hydromineral balance (HB) is an essential condition for life activity at cellular, tissue, organ and system levels. This activity has been considered as a function of the osmotic regulatory system that focuses on hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) neurons, which can reflexively release VP into the brain and blood to meet the demand of HB. Recently, astrocytes have emerged as an essential component of the osmotic regulatory system in addition to functioning as a regulator of the HB at cellular and tissue levels. Astrocytes express all the components of osmoreceptors, including aquaporins, molecules of the extracellular matrix, integrins and transient receptor potential channels, with an operational dynamic range allowing them to detect and respond to osmotic changes, perhaps more efficiently than neurons. The resultant responses, i.e., astroglial morphological and functional plasticity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, can be conveyed, physically and chemically, to adjacent VP neurons, thereby influencing HB at the system level. In addition, astrocytes, particularly those in the circumventricular organs, are involved not only in VP-mediated osmotic regulation, but also in regulation of other osmolality-modulating hormones, including natriuretic peptides and angiotensin. Thus, astrocytes play a role in local/brain and systemic HB. The adaptive astrocytic reactions to osmotic challenges are associated with signaling events related to the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4 to promote cell survival and repair. However, prolonged osmotic stress can initiate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling processes, leading to glial dysfunction and a variety of brain diseases. Among many diseases of brain injury and hydromineral disorders, cytotoxic and osmotic cerebral edemas are the most common pathological manifestation. Hyponatremia is the most common cause of osmotic cerebral edema. Overly fast correction of hyponatremia could lead to central pontine myelinolysis. Ischemic stroke exemplifies cytotoxic cerebral edema. In this review, we summarize and analyze the osmosensory functions of astrocytes and their implications in cerebral edema.
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DOI：
10.1074/jbc.m111.329219
发表时间：
2012-03-30
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Conner MT;Conner AC;Bland CE;Taylor LH;Brown JE;Parri HR;Bill RM
通讯作者：
Bill RM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Borgdorff, AJ;Somjen, GG;Wadman, WJ
通讯作者：
Wadman, WJ
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Burda JE;Bernstein AM;Sofroniew MV
通讯作者：
Sofroniew MV
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Araujo, Iracema Gomes;Kagohara Elias, Lucila Leico;Mecawi, Andre Souza
通讯作者：
Mecawi, Andre Souza
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
ERIKSSON, PS;NILSSON, M;HANSSON, E
通讯作者：
HANSSON, E