Functional consequences of sarcopenia and dynapenia in the elderly.
Functional consequences of sarcopenia and dynapenia in the elderly.
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DOI：
10.1097/mco.0b013e328337819e
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Manini TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark BC;Manini TM
由于肌肉减少症（老年人肌肉萎缩）的后遗症造成的经济负担是惊人的，与骨质疏松性骨折相关的费用相似。在这篇文章中，我们讨论了社会负担和决定因素的身体功能的损失，随着年龄的增长，生理机制的基础上的肌无力（老年人的肌肉无力），并提供相关的关键问题要解决的观点。最近的流行病学调查结果表明，从纵向老化研究表明，肌张力障碍是高度相关的死亡率和身体残疾，即使在调整肌肉减少症，表明肌肉减少症可能是继发于肌张力障碍的影响。这些发现与肌肉力量的生理基础是一致的，因为最近的证据表明，肌肉数量、收缩质量和神经激活的改变都共同导致了记忆力减退。虽然肌肉质量对于调节全身代谢平衡至关重要，但整体神经肌肉功能似乎是维持老年人肌肉力量和身体独立性的关键因素。导致肌无力的生理因素的相对贡献尚未完全了解，需要进一步的研究来更好地阐明肌肉群和人群之间的这些机制。
The economic burden due to the sequela of sarcopenia (muscle wasting in the elderly) are staggering and rank similarly to the costs associated with osteoporotic fractures. In this article we discuss the societal burden and determinants of the loss of physical function with advancing age, the physiologic mechanisms underlying dynapenia (muscle weakness in the elderly), and provide perspectives on related critical issues to be addressed. Recent epidemiological findings from longitudinal aging studies suggest that dynapenia is highly associated with both mortality and physical disability even when adjusting for sarcopenia, indicating that sarcopenia may be secondary to the effects of dynapenia. These findings are consistent with the physiologic underpinnings of muscle strength, as recent evidence demonstrates that alterations in muscle quantity, contractile quality and neural activation all collectively contribute to dynapenia. While muscle mass is essential for regulation of whole body metabolic balance, overall neuromuscular function seems to be a critical factor for maintaining muscle strength and physical independence in the elderly. The relative contribution of physiologic factors contributing to muscle weakness are not fully understood, and further research is needed to better elucidate these mechanisms between muscle groups and across populations.