Trade and Factor Market Reforms in China
Trade and Factor Market Reforms in China
复制标题
中国的贸易和要素市场改革
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9914.00207
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Tiwari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Doi;P. Tiwari
中国经济多方面自由化的好处可以从经济发展的各种指标中看到。经济增长率、外国投资流入中国以及生活质量的提高是自由化进程所带来的收益的一些指标。大多数研究都集中在贸易改革对中国经济的作用上。然而，还有一个未完成的议程，即劳动部门改革，没有得到决策者和学术界的充分关注。本文运用可计算一般均衡模型分析了中国劳动力市场自由化的效应。大多数使用新古典方法的中国CGE模型都假设经济中存在单一的工资率。这是一个简化的假设，具有很强的含义。研究表明，即使考虑到人力资本或工作风险差异等明显的解释，行业间的工资差异仍然存在。发展中国家的产业间结构僵化导致工资差异。在中国，劳动力从农村向城市的流动受到限制。此外，中国正在加入世贸组织。作为WTO协议的签署国，中国将被要求通过取消关税来改革其贸易部门。在本文中，我们明确的工资差异模型的情况下，中国经济。为了通过消除中国在存在和不存在关税和非关税壁垒的情况下的要素市场差异来提高效率，进行了各种反事实实验。我们的研究结果表明，要素市场改革是必不可少的，以实现加入WTO协议的全部收益。
The benefits of the multi-faceted liberalization of the Chinese economy can be seen in various indicators of economic development. The rate of growth of the economy, the flow of foreign investment in China, and rising quality of life are some of the indicators of gains from the liberalization process. Most of the research has focused on the role of trade reforms on the Chinese economy. There is, however, one unfinished agenda that has not been addressed adequately by policy makers as well as academia, i.e. labor-sector reforms. In this paper, we analyze the effect of labor market liberalization in China using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Most CGE models on China using a neoclassical approach assume that there is a single wage rate for the economy. This is a simplifying assumption and has strong implications. Studies show that inter-industry wage differentials persist even after accounting for obvious explanations such as differences in human capital or job hazard. Inter-industry structural rigidities in developing countries lead to wage differentials. In China, labor mobility from the rural to the urban sector is restricted. Furthermore, China is on its way to joining the WTO agreement. As a signatory to the WTO agreement, China would be required to reform its trade sector by eliminating tariffs. In this paper, we explicitly model wage differentials in the case of the Chinese economy. Various counterfactual experiments have been conducted to introduce efficiency by the removal of factor market differentials in China in the presence and absence of tariff and non-tariff barriers. Our results indicate that factor market reforms are essential to the realization of full gains from accession to the WTO agreement.