Data Sharing in the Sciences
Data Sharing in the Sciences
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DOI：
10.1002/aris.2011.1440450113
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shankar, Kalpana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kowalczyk, Stacy;Shankar, Kalpana
跨学科的合作，这些合作的规模不断扩大，以及信息技术在科学问题上的应用，极大地促进了科学研究的数据密集型性质。这些趋势降低了距离的相关性，使科学家能够远程共享资源，并增加了研究数据的复杂性和数量。它们还为通过数据储存库共享和重复使用数据带来了许多挑战。当机构创建知识库时，他们会考虑到几个目标：赠款履行，同行评审，长期存档，疾病管理，日常科学实践，利用稀缺或濒危资源，以及利用大型基础设施。数据挖掘和分析工具促进了现有数据集的整合，以回答和促进新的调查路线，实现多学科研究，并促进教育工作。数据可以在研究小组内部、由外部组织或机构储存库存档。越来越多地，不仅仅是研究人员在重复使用数据，教育工作者、政策制定者和公众也在重复使用数据。广泛提供数据可以促进公众对科学的理解、循证宣传、教育用途和公民科学倡议。促进数据的有效共享日益成为国家和国际科学讨论的一部分，并被认为对科学的未来至关重要（数字数据机构间工作组，2009年）。资助机构认为，数据共享通过减少重复收集昂贵或敏感数据，促进了对公共资源的最明智使用。这方面的例子包括在世界脆弱地区收集的具有国家安全影响的数据集，以及在自然或人为灾害等特殊情况下收集的数据集，或由稀有或复杂样本组成的数据集。简而言之，数据共享通过提供实验和观测数据（至少向科学界提供），从而可核查和可复制，促进了探究精神，重点是互操作性和再利用。
Collaboration across disciplines, the increasing size of those collaborations, and the application of information technologies to scientific problems have contributed greatly to the data-intensive nature of scientific research. These trends have reduced the relevance of distance, allowed scientists to share resources remotely, and increased both the complexity and quantity of research data. They have also created numerous challenges for the sharing and reuse of data through data repositories. When institutions create repositories, they do so with several goals in mind: grant fulfillment, peer review, long-term archiving, disease management, daily scientific practice, the leveraging of scarce or endangered resources, and the exploiting of large infrastructures. Tools for data mining and analysis foster the integration of existing datasets to answer and promote new lines of inquiry, enable multidisciplinary research, and facilitate educational efforts. Data may be archived within the research group, by an external organization, or in an institutional repository. Increasingly, it is not just researchers who reuse data, but also educators, policymakers, and the general public. Making data broadly available can promote public understanding of science, evidencebased advocacy, educational uses, and citizen-science initiatives. Promoting the effective sharing of data is increasingly part of national and international scientific discourse and held to be essential to the future of science (Interagency Working Group on Digital Data, 2009). Funding agencies argue that data sharing promotes the wisest use of public resources by reducing repetitive collection of expensive or sensitive data. Examples include datasets collected in fragile areas of the world, with national security implications, from unique circumstances such as natural or human-made disasters, or composed of rare or complex samples. In short, data sharing furthers the spirit of inquiry with a focus on interoperability and reuse by making experimental and observational data available (at least to the scientific community) and thus verifiable and replicable.