Domestication as innovation: the entanglement of techniques, technology and chance in the domestication of cereal crops
Domestication as innovation: the entanglement of techniques, technology and chance in the domestication of cereal crops
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DOI：
10.1080/00438240903429680
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Stevens, Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuller, Dorian Q.;Allaby, Robin G.;Stevens, Chris
农业的起源涉及驯化的途径，在这种途径中，人类的行为和植物的遗传适应被纠缠在一起。这些变化导致了在进程开始时意想不到的后果。这篇论文重点介绍了人类行为中的一些关键创新，如土壤整地、收获和脱粒，以及这些创新如何与植物种群中的遗传“创新”相结合。我们为早期耕种者确定了一些“陷阱”，包括在作物加工和土壤肥力维护方面需要额外的劳动力支出，但也与潜在作物产量方面的收益有关。根据明显缓慢的驯化过程，对几种不同作物的不碎粒和种子大小等性状的量化数据的汇编进行了讨论，并确定了不同区域途径之间的相似和差异。我们强调需要弥合新石器时代考古植物学对驯化的关注与后期对作物加工活动和劳工组织的关注之间的差距。此外，考古植物学数据为重新思考之前关于植物基因数据应该如何与农业起源相关的假设提供了基础，我们对比了两个替代假设：低选择压力的渐进进化和延长了“半驯化”种群持续时间的亚稳定平衡。我们对植物驯化中涉及的创新的修订理解突出了收集、建模和整合遗传数据和考古植物学证据的新方法的必要性。
The origins of agriculture involved pathways of domestication in which human behaviours and plant genetic adaptations were entangled. These changes resulted in consequences that were unintended at the start of the process. This paper highlights some of the key innovations in human behaviours, such as soil preparation, harvesting and threshing, and how these were coupled with genetic 'innovations' within plant populations. We identify a number of 'traps' for early cultivators, including the needs for extra labour expenditure on crop-processing and soil fertility maintenance, but also linked gains in terms of potential crop yields. Compilations of quantitative data across a few different crops for the traits of non-shattering and seed size are discussed in terms of the apparently slow process of domestication, and parallels and differences between different regional pathways are identified. We highlight the need to bridge the gap between a Neolithic archaeobotanical focus on domestication and a focus of later periods on crop-processing activities and labour organization. In addition, archaeobotanical data provide a basis for rethinking previous assumptions about how plant genetic data should be related to the origins of agriculture and we contrast two alternative hypotheses: gradual evolution with low selection pressure versus metastable equilibrium that prolonged the persistence of 'semi-domesticated' populations. Our revised understanding of the innovations involved in plant domestication highlight the need for new approaches to collecting, modelling and integrating genetic data and archaeobotanical evidence.