Identification of predominant environmental factors structuring stream macroinvertebrate communities within a large agricultural catchment
Identification of predominant environmental factors structuring stream macroinvertebrate communities within a large agricultural catchment
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确定大型农业流域内构成河流大型无脊椎动物群落的主要环境因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Richards;G. Host;J. Arthur
摘要
1
对美国密歇根州中部 40000 平方公里流域内的溪流中大型无脊椎动物群落组成的模式进行了检查，以确定影响群落变化的主要环境梯度。该地区大部分地区以农业和相关的粘土和沙质土壤为主。
2
1990 年 5 月和 8 月期间进行的溪流调查收集了 80 个大型无脊椎动物类群。群落组成主要因翼翅目和蜉蝣目的比例而变化。来自农业最密集地区的底栖群落与其他地点的底栖群落最为不同。
3
各地点之间的化学成分与营养物（NH3、NO3、PO4）相关的变化最大。其他参数都比较相似。这些地点的物理特征按六个栖息地类别进行评分：（i）基质特征，（ii）河流覆盖，（iii）河道形态，（iv）河岸带和河岸条件，（v）浅滩/河流质量，（vi）水池质量。大多数物理栖息地得分在密集农业区最低。
4
使用典型对应分析来量化物理和化学变量在解释大型无脊椎动物群落变化中的相对重要性。在这两项调查中，基材特性最为重要。基质质量与蜉翅目、翼翅目和毛翅目类群总数之间观察到显着相关性（P<0.05 和 P<0.10）。这些关系反映了粘土类型区域站点的相关性（P<0.01 和 P<0.10），与受影响较小的沙土类型区域的不显着结果形成对比。
5
该地区有效的河流恢复工作需要改变影响自然栖息地的当地土地利用活动。进一步发展自然地貌区域内流域活动与基底和河道特征之间的经验关系对于恢复项目的评估至关重要。
SUMMARY
1
Patterns of macroinvertebrate community composition were examined in streams within a 40000-km2 catchment in central Michigan, U.S.A., to identify the major environmental gradients influencing community variation. Agriculture and associated clay and sandy soils predominated in much of the region.
2
Eighty macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from stream surveys conducted during May and August 1990. Community composition varied primarily by the proportions of Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera. Benthic communities from the heaviest agricultural zones were most different from those at other sites.
3
Chemical composition among the sites varied most in relation to nutrients (NH3, NO3, PO4). Other parameters were relatively similar. Physical characteristics of the sites were scored in six habitat categories: (i) substrate characteristics, (ii) instream cover, (iii) channel morphology, (iv) riparian zone and stream-bank conditions, (v) riffle/run quality, (vi) pool quality. Most physical habitat scores were lowest in the intense agriculture zones.
4
The relative importance of physical and chemical variables in explaining variation in macroinvertebrate communities was quantified using canonical correspondence analysis. Substrate characteristics were most important in both surveys. Significant correlations (P<0.05 and P<0.10) were observed between substrate quality and total numbers of Ephemeropteran, Plecopteran, and Trichopteran taxa. These relationships reflected correlations from sites in the clay soil-type region (P<0.01 and P<0.10) which contrasted with non-significant results from the less impacted, sandy soil-type region.
5
Effective stream restoration efforts in this region will require the alteration of local land-use activities that influence the physical habitat. Further development of empirical relationships between catchment activities and substrate and channel characteristics within natural geomorphic regions is essential for the evaluation of restoration projects.