Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries: An Introduction
Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries: An Introduction
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北欧国家的社会政策和经济发展：简介
DOI：
10.1057/9780230523500_1
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joakim Palme
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Kangas;Joakim Palme
19世纪和20世纪见证了世界各地经济体系的重大变革。首先是西半球资本主义市场的建立。第二个是一些国家从资本主义向社会主义的过渡。第三个是逆向的转变：从中央计划指挥体制向市场经济的转变。新的商业全球化伴随着信息技术的爆炸性发展，以及亚洲经济以信息技术为基础的快速工业化，这可能构成第四次大变革，将改变全球经济秩序。在如此巨大的变革中，总有赢家和输家。在这些变化之后，旧的安全形式消失，新的安全形式形成。这里的一个关键问题是，变化到底是破坏性的还是建设性的。在熊彼特的意义上，我们可以谈论“建设性破坏”（熊彼特1950）。这个词指的是旧的、低效的社会活动形式被摧毁，取而代之的是更高效、更好的系统。一个有趣的问题是，不同的国家或国家集团如何以及在多大程度上以一种社会上合理的方式设法利用破坏，并建立能够有效利用新形势产生的潜力和可能性的社会和经济机构。从这个角度如何解释北欧的经验？
The nineteenth and twentieth centuries witnessed major transformations of economic systems around the world. The first was the creation of capitalist markets in the Western hemisphere. The second was the transition from capitalism to socialism in several countries. The third was the transition in the reverse direction: from centrally planned command systems back to market-based economies. The new globalization of business attached to an explosive expansion of information technologies (ITs) and the rapid IT-based industrialization of the Asian economies may constitute a fourth great transformation that will change the economic order of the globe. During such great transformations, there are always winners and losers. In the wake of such changes, old forms of security vanish and new ones take shape. A crucial issue here is how destructive or constructive change actually becomes. In a Schumpeterian sense, we can speak about a ‘constructive destruction’ (Schumpeter 1950). This term refers to a situation where old, inefficient forms of social activities are destroyed and replaced by more efficient and better systems. An interesting question is how and to what extent different countries, or groups of countries, have managed to harness the destruction, in a socially justifiable way, and to create social and economic institutions that can effectively utilize the potentials and possibilities the new situation creates. How can the Nordic experience be interpreted in this perspective?