Distribution of invasive plants in the Nitra river basin: threats and benefits for food production
Distribution of invasive plants in the Nitra river basin: threats and benefits for food production
复制标题
尼特拉河流域入侵植物的分布：对粮食生产的威胁和好处
作者：
A. Fehér;D. Halmová;Iveta Fehér Pindešová;P. Zajác;Jozef Čapla
入侵植物是植物界的多细胞生物，它们通过光合作用生产食物。入侵植物有能力在其原生范围之外茁壮成长并积极传播。当一种天然具有攻击性的植物被引入新的栖息地时，它可能会特别具有侵略性。基础文献主要强调入侵植物对生态和环境的影响。这些植物对粮食生产的影响从未被详细研究过。根据已发表的数据，根据八个选定的标准，分析了入侵植物的出现对粮食生产的直接和间接或潜在影响：食品、动物饲料、食品和饮料添加剂、对粮食生产的间接支持、耕地杂草、草地杂草、食品中的过敏植物和有毒植物。对尼特拉河流域入侵植物栖息地偏好的主成分分析表明，大多数沿河生长的入侵植物是可食用的（Falopia spp.、Helianthus tuberosus、Impatiens mudulifera），而喜欢干燥农田或草原的入侵植物是有毒和/或致敏的，可食用性较低或为零（Ambrosia artemisiifolia、Heracleum mantegazzianum）。生活在干燥条件下的植物可能会比水源丰富的水源附近的植物产生更多的毒素来保护其组织中的水源（例如水）。
Invasive plants are introduced multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae, which produce their food by photosynthesis. An invasive plant has the ability to thrive and spread aggressively outside its native range. A naturally aggressive plant may be especially invasive when it is introduced to a new habitat. The basic literature emphasizes mainly the ecological and environmental effects of invasive plants. Impacts of these plants on the food production have never been studied in details. The direct and indirect or potential effects of occurrence of invasive plants on food production have been analysed on basis of published data according to eight selected criteria: food, fodder for animals, food and drink additives, indirect support for food production, weeds on arable lands, meadow weeds, allergenic plants in food and toxic plants. The principal components analysis of habitat preferences of invasive plants in the Nitra river basin showed that the majority of invasive plants growing along rivers is edible ( Fallopia spp., Helianthus tuberosus , Impatiens glandulifera ) and invasive plants preferring drier agricultural fields or grasslands are toxic and/or allergenic with low or zero level of edibility ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia , Heracleum mantegazzianum ). The plants living in drier conditions may produce more toxins to protect the sources (eg. water) in their tissues than plants near water flows where there is abundance of sources.