Exposure of infants to outdoor and indoor air pollution in low-income urban areas - a case study of Delhi
Exposure of infants to outdoor and indoor air pollution in low-income urban areas - a case study of Delhi
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500273
复制
发表时间：
2003-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Patil, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saksena, S;Singh, PB;Patil, RS
室内空气污染是印度潜在的一个非常严重的环境和公共卫生问题。在贫困社区，由于生物燃料燃烧的趋势持续存在，加上住房条件恶化，这一问题将在今后一段时间内继续存在。虽然在一定程度上对农村地区的问题进行了研究，但缺乏关于城市贫民窟地区情况的可靠数据和知识。微环境模型被用来评估每日综合暴露的婴儿和妇女的可吸入悬浮颗粒物（RSP）在两个贫民窟的德里，一个在一个高室外污染的地区，另一个在污染较轻的地区。研究证实，在使用煤油的房屋中，烹饪过程中室内的可吸入悬浮粒子浓度低于使用木材的房屋。然而，由于烹饪而导致的暴露在两组之间没有显著差异。这是因为，也许是由于社会经济原因，使用煤油的妇女做饭的时间更长，更经常在室内做饭，而且这种房子里的婴儿在厨房里呆的时间更长。据观察，白天和夜间的室内背景水平可能非常高。我们推测，这可能是由于灰尘的再悬浮，渗透，未知来源，或这些因素的组合。在屋外（接近环境）测得的可吸入悬浮粒子水平与室内本底水平并无相关，并高于相应监测站的环境空气质素监测网络所报告的水平。更重要的是，这项研究中测量的户外水平不仅低估了每日综合暴露量，而且与之相关性也很差。
Indoor air pollution is potentially a very serious environmental and public health problem in India. In poor communities, with the continuing trend in biofuel combustion coupled with deteriorating housing conditions, the problem will remain for some time to come. While to some extent the problem has been studied in rural areas, there is a dearth of reliable data and knowledge about the situation in urban slum areas. The microenvironmental model was used for assessing daily-integrated exposure of infants and women to respirable suspended particulates (RSP) in two slums of Delhi-one in an area of high outdoor pollution and the other in a less polluted area. The study confirmed that indoor concentrations of RSP during cooking in kerosene-using houses are lesser than that in wood-using houses. However, the exposure due to cooking was not significantly different across the two groups. This was because, perhaps due to socioeconomic reasons, kerosene-using women were found to cook for longer durations, cook inside more often, and that infants in such houses stayed in the kitchen for longer durations. It was observed that indoor background levels during the day and at nighttime can be exceedingly high. We speculate that this may have been due to resuspension of dust, infiltration, unknown sources, or a combination of these factors. The outdoor RSP levels measured just outside the houses ( near ambient) were not correlated with indoor background levels and were higher than those reported by the ambient air quality monitoring network at the corresponding stations. More importantly, the outdoor levels measured in this study not only underestimated the daily-integrated exposure, but were also poorly correlated with it.