Relating Plant Canopy Characteristics to Soil Transport Capacity by Wind
Relating Plant Canopy Characteristics to Soil Transport Capacity by Wind
复制标题
将植物冠层特征与风输送土壤能力联系起来
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. D. Bilbro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Armbrust;J. D. Bilbro
联邦立法规定，风蚀土壤损失应保持在可容忍的限度内，以保持在高度易侵蚀土地上的联邦农业计划的资格。因此，人们对设计风蚀模型产生了很大的兴趣，这些模型可以准确地确定给定场地的潜在侵蚀，并评估任何控制措施的有效性。这些模型需要地表特性和风的输送能力之间的数学关系。这种关系适用于土壤表面粗糙度和植物残体，但不适用于种植作物。我们的目标是为种植作物建立这些关系。我们开发了一种理论方法，占茎面积，叶面积和冠层覆盖的生长作物的土壤流失率，阈值速度和运输能力的影响。该理论的预测能力进行了测试，使用公布的数据集，从生长的植物在风洞中进行测试。实测土壤流失率与预测值高度相关（r2 = 0.99，P = 0.001）。结果表明，植物面积指数和冠层覆盖与风的运输能力的减少高度相关，因此，作为生长植物提供的土壤保护的指标。植物面积指数为0.02，冠层覆盖率为4%，16 m s-1风的输送能力降低了50%。这种用于确定生长植物和站立残留物的组合的保护能力的方法将提高风蚀模型对更多样化的农场管理条件的预测能力。
Federal legislation mandates that wind erosion soil losses be kept to a tolerable limit to maintain eligibility for federal farm programs on highly erodible land. Therefore, much interest has been generated in devising wind erosion models that accurately determine the potential erosion from a given site and also evaluate the effectiveness of any control measure. These models require mathematical relationships between surface properties and the transport capacity of the wind. Such relationships are available for soil surface roughness and plant residues, but not for growing crops. Our objective was to establish these relationships for growing crops. We developed a theoretical approach that accounts for the effect of stem area, leaf area, and canopy cover of growing crops on the soil loss ratio, threshold velocity, and transport capacity. The predictive ability of the theory was tested using published data sets from growing plants tested in a wind tunnel. Measured soil loss ratios were highly correlated to predicted values (r 2 = 0.99, P = 0.001). The results showed that plant area index and canopy cover are highly correlated with reduction in the transport capacity of the wind and, therefore, serve as indicators of the soil protection afforded by growing plants. A plant area index of 0.02 and a canopy cover of 4% reduced the transport capacity of a 16 m s -1 wind by 50%. This method for determining the protective ability of a combination of growing plants and standing residue will improve predictive capabilities of wind erosion models for more diverse farm management conditions.