April 2000 geomagnetic storm: ionospheric drivers of large geomagnetically induced currents
April 2000 geomagnetic storm: ionospheric drivers of large geomagnetically induced currents
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2000 年 4 月地磁风暴：大地磁感应电流的电离层驱动因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. McKay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Pulkkinen;A. Thomson;E. Clarke;A. McKay
抽象。在地面技术系统中流动的地磁感应电流是空间天气的一种直接表现。由于靠近动态电离层电流系统，GIC在高纬度地区特别受关注，已知它们会造成问题，例如，电力传输系统和埋地管道的正常运行。GIC的基本物理原理，即磁层-电离层相互作用和地面电磁感应，已经相当为人所知。然而，还没有对GIC的驱动因素进行详细的研究，而且对不同类型的电离层电流系统在大GIC方面的相对重要性知之甚少。本文对2000年4月6-7日的磁暴进行了研究。在这次活动中，在芬兰和英国的技术系统中测量了大型GIC。因此，这为在相对较大的区域尺度上进行详细的GIC研究提供了基础。通过使用GIC数据和来自北欧磁强计网络的相应地磁数据，确定并分析了事件期间大GIC的电离层驱动因素。虽然风暴期间的GIC峰值大多与亚暴增强有关，但在亚暴行为中没有可以与所有GIC峰值相关联的共同特征。例如，在GIC峰值期间，既观察到非常局部化的电离层电流结构，也观察到相对大规模的传播结构。只有在风暴开始时突然开始，整个北方欧洲的大规模GIC才有明显的连贯行为。GIC中峰值的典型持续时间也很短，在2-15分钟之间变化。地磁学和古地磁学（地磁感应）-电离层（电离层扰动）-磁层物理学（风暴和亚暴）
Abstract. Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) flowing in technological systems on the ground are a direct manifestation of space weather. Due to the proximity of very dynamic ionospheric current systems, GIC are of special interest at high latitudes, where they have been known to cause problems, for example, for normal operation of power transmission systems and buried pipelines. The basic physics underlying GIC, i.e. the magnetosphere – ionosphere interaction and electromagnetic induction in the ground, is already quite well known. However, no detailed study of the drivers of GIC has been carried out and little is known about the relative importance of different types of ionospheric current systems in terms of large GIC. In this study, the geomagnetic storm of 6–7 April 2000 is investigated. During this event, large GIC were measured in technological systems, both in Finland and in Great Britain. Therefore, this provides a basis for a detailed GIC study over a relatively large regional scale. By using GIC data and corresponding geomagnetic data from north European magnetometer networks, the ionospheric drivers of large GIC during the event were identified and analysed. Although most of the peak GIC during the storm were clearly related to substorm intensifications, there were no common characteristics discernible in substorm behaviour that could be associated with all the GIC peaks. For example, both very localized ionospheric currents structures, as well as relatively large-scale propagating structures were observed during the peaks in GIC. Only during the storm sudden commencement at the beginning of the event were large-scale GIC evident across northern Europe with coherent behaviour. The typical duration of peaks in GIC was also quite short, varying between 2–15 min. Key words. Geomagnetism and paleo-magnetism (geomagnetic induction) – Ionosphere (ionospheric disturbances) – Magnetospheric physics (storms and substorms)