Linguistic Context Versus Semantic Competition in Word Recognition by Younger and Older Adults With Cochlear Implants
Linguistic Context Versus Semantic Competition in Word Recognition by Younger and Older Adults With Cochlear Implants
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DOI：
10.1097/aud.0000000000000469
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wingfield, Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amichetti, Nicole M.;Atagi, Eriko;Wingfield, Arthur
目的：越来越多的老年人现在接受人工耳蜗术，这提出了一个问题，即人工耳蜗术产生的新信号如何与认知老化相互作用，识别在语言环境中听到的单词。这项研究的目的是将受限的语言语境的促进作用与反应竞争对词识别有效性的潜在的年龄敏感的负面影响进行比较。设计：年龄较小(n=8；平均年龄=22.5岁)和年龄较大(n=8；平均年龄=67.5岁)的成年植入受试者听到了20个目标词作为句子中的最后一个词，这些词操纵了目标词在句子语境中出现的概率。来自已公布的规范的数据也被用来测量回答熵，计算的是不同回答的总数和句子上下文所建议的回答的概率分布。结果：结果表明，对于年轻和年长的植入者来说，正确识别句子结尾的单词所需的词首信息量与他们在句子语境中出现的可能性成反比，而老年人从句子语境中获得了不同的优势。在消极方面，老年人的单词再认受到高反应熵的不同程度的阻碍，这种影响主要是由可能也符合句子上下文的竞争反应的数量驱动的。结论：与先前对听力正常的年轻人和老年人的研究一致，本研究结果表明，老年人植入用户对口语单词的识别对语言语境高度敏感。然而，这种敏感性也导致了来自其他词的更大程度的干扰，这些词也可能被上下文激活，从而对词识别的简易性产生负面影响。这些结果与年龄相关的抑制缺陷扩展到词识别的语义限制领域是一致的。
Objectives: The increasing numbers of older adults now receiving cochlear implants raises the question of how the novel signal produced by cochlear implants may interact with cognitive aging in the recognition of words heard spoken within a linguistic context. The objective of this study was to pit the facilitative effects of a constraining linguistic context against a potential age-sensitive negative effect of response competition on effectiveness of word recognition.Design: Younger (n = 8; mean age = 22.5 years) and older (n = 8; mean age = 67.5 years) adult implant recipients heard 20 target words as the final words in sentences that manipulated the target word's probability of occurrence within the sentence context. Data from published norms were also used to measure response entropy, calculated as the total number of different responses and the probability distribution of the responses suggested by the sentence context. Sentence-final words were presented to participants using a word-onset gating paradigm, in which a target word was presented with increasing amounts of its onset duration in 50 msec increments until the word was correctly identified.Results: Results showed that for both younger and older adult implant users, the amount of word-onset information needed for correct recognition of sentence-final words was inversely proportional to their likelihood of occurrence within the sentence context, with older adults gaining differential advantage from the contextual constraints offered by a sentence context. On the negative side, older adults' word recognition was differentially hampered by high response entropy, with this effect being driven primarily by the number of competing responses that might also fit the sentence context.Conclusions: Consistent with previous research with normal-hearing younger and older adults, the present results showed older adult implant users' recognition of spoken words to be highly sensitive to linguistic context. This sensitivity, however, also resulted in a greater degree of interference from other words that might also be activated by the context, with negative effects on ease of word recognition. These results are consistent with an age-related inhibition deficit extending to the domain of semantic constraints on word recognition.