The Role of Diastrophism in the Regimen of Glaciers in the st. Elias District, Alaska
The Role of Diastrophism in the Regimen of Glaciers in the st. Elias District, Alaska
复制标题
灾难论在圣路易斯冰川状况中的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
1958
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Maynard M. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maynard M. Miller
摘要 塔尔和马丁于 1914 年援引“地震雪崩”理论来解释世纪之交阿拉斯加亚库塔特湾冰川的异常推进。该海湾是 1899 年秋季一系列严重地震的震中，这一事实使这一概念变得可信。在考虑其他解释时，塔尔和马丁驳回了 1870 年代末和 1880 年代沿该海岸的过量降水记录，认为由于“测量方法的特殊性”，测量结果是错误的。现在已知有争议的数据与 19 世纪下半叶观测和推断的区域气候趋势一致。因此，对圣埃利亚斯地区冰川波动的气候控制的案例进行了重新评估。参考了来自阿拉斯加南部其他地区的新的广泛证据，这些地区的地震影响可以忽略不计。结论是，雅库塔特地区的波动模式并不是唯一的，这些特殊的复苏所归因的灾难性实际上只是气候原因引起的一系列广泛的冰川前进中的一个补充因素，而且通常是次要因素。简要讨论了圣埃利亚斯山脉宽阔的山脉上受气候参数影响的负荷变化的理论意义，以及该构造敏感地区的造山活动。
Abstract The “earthquake avalanche” theory was invoked by Tarr and Martin in 1914 to explain anomalous turn-of-the-century glacier advances in Yakutat Bay, Alaska. The concept was given credence by the fact that this bay was the epicenter of a series of severe earth tremors in the autumn of 1899. In considering alternative explanations, Tarr and Martin dismissed a record of excessive precipitation along this coast in the late 1870’s and 1880’s in the belief that the measurements were in error due to a “peculiarity in the method of measurement”. The disputed data are now known to be consistent with observed and inferred regional climatological trends in the latter half of the 19th century. The case for the climatological control of glacier fluctuations in the St. Elias District is therefore reassessed. Reference is made to new and extensive evidence from other districts in southern Alaska where the earthquake influence was negligible. It is concluded that the fluctuation pattern in the Yakutat area was not unique and that the diastrophism to which these particular resurgences have been attributed was actually but a supplemental and generally minor factor in a widespread set of glacial advances initiated by climatological causes. The theoretical implications of changes in load conditioned by climatological parameters over the broad névés of the St. Elias Mountains are briefly discussed with respect to orogenic activity in this tectonically sensitive region.