Domestication of Dacryodes edulis:: 1.: Phenotypic variation of fruit traits from 100 trees in southeast Nigeria
Domestication of Dacryodes edulis:: 1.: Phenotypic variation of fruit traits from 100 trees in southeast Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1007/s11056-005-0266-4
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Schreckenberg, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anegbeh, PO;Ukafor, V;Schreckenberg, K
ICRAF及其在喀麦隆和尼日利亚的国际合作伙伴正在率先采用一种参与式的树木驯化方法。竹竹的驯化为改善自给农民的生计和使农业系统（如可可农场）多样化提供了机会。这些树出产适销对路的果实，也为可可和咖啡遮荫。在尼日利亚东南部的Mgbuisi，自给自足的农民从1000棵edulis树上采集了24颗成熟的果实。果实质量（10.2 +/- 0.5 ~ 71.4 +/- 1.3 g）、果肉质量（6.8 +/- 0.3 ~ 62.2 +/- 1.2 g）和果仁质量（1.3 +/- 0.5 ~ 15.1 +/- 0.4 g）在不同树种间存在显著的连续差异。不同土地利用方式的平均果实质量差异不显著。肉质量：仁质量比为0.79 ~ 29.0。有两棵树结了没有果仁的果实。果实长度（39.0 +/- 0.6 ~ 95.1 +/- 1.2 mm）、果实宽度（21.82 +/- 0.16 ~ 43.75 +/- 0.33 mm）和果肉厚度（1.82 +/- 0.1 ~ 6.39 +/- 0.1 mm）在果树间也存在显著的连续变异。果实长宽比为1.35 ~ 3.18。煮熟的水果味道各异，只有14%的树得到了最高分。同样，水果的油分也各不相同，只有3%的树得到了最高分。记录了13种肤色，最常见的是深蓝色（31%），灰紫色（29%）和深蓝色（9%）。99%的树木已经被种植，其中57%在家庭花园，22%在农田，17%在休耕地，4%种植可可。树高4 ~ 22 in，胸径9.55 ~ 63.65 cm。树龄为5 ~ 64岁。农民报告第一次结实的年龄从3岁到22岁（平均9.4岁）。大多数树木来自市场上购买的种子（63%）。不同树种果实的市场价格从2个到12个不等，价格为10奈拉（0.07美元）。这些定量结果将有助于毛竹优良树种的鉴定和克隆繁殖培育。
A participatory approach to tree domestication is being pioneered by ICRAF and international partners in Cameroon and Nigeria. The domestication of Dacryodes edulis offers opportunities to improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and to diversify farming systems, such as cocoa farms. The trees produce marketable fruits as well as shade for cocoa and coffee. Twenty-four ripe fruits were collected from each of 1,00 D. edulis trees in Mgbuisi, southeast Nigeria by subsistence farmers. There was continuous and significant tree-to-tree variation in fruit mass (10.2 +/- 0.5-71.4 +/- 1.3 g), flesh mass (6.8 +/- 0.3-62.2 +/- 1.2 g) and kernel mass (1.3 +/- 0.5-15.1 +/- 0.4 g). Mean fruit mass did not differ significantly between different land uses. Flesh mass:kernel mass ratio varied from 0.79 to 29.0. Two trees had fruits without kernels. There was also continuous and significant, tree-to-tree variation in fruit length (39.0 +/- 0.6-95.1 +/- 1.2 mm), fruit width (21.82 +/- 0.16-43.75 +/- 0.33 mm) and flesh thickness (1.82 +/- 0.1-6.39 +/- 0.1 mm). Fruit length:width ratio varied from 1.35 to 3.18. Cooked fruits varied in taste with only 14% of trees getting the highest score. Similarly, fruits varied in oiliness with only 3% of trees getting the highest score. Thirteen skin colours were recorded, with the most common being dark blue (31%), greyish violet (29%) and deep blue (9%). Ninety-nine percent of the trees had been planted, with 57% in homegardens, 22% in crop fields, 17% in fallow land and 4% in cocoa. Tree height ranged from 4 to 22 in, and DBH from 9.55 to 63.65 cm. Tree age ranged from 5 to 64 years. Farmers reported first fruiting from age 3 up to 22 years (average of 9.4 years). Most trees originated from seeds bought in markets (63%). Market prices of fruits from different trees, ranged from 2 to 12 fruits for 10 Naira (US$0.07). These quantitative results will help in the identification of elite trees of D. edulis for cultivar development through clonal propagation.