Craniofacial development: the tissue and molecular interactions that control development of the head.
Craniofacial development: the tissue and molecular interactions that control development of the head.
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
P. H. Francis-West;L. Robson;D. J. R. Evans
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作者：
P. H. Francis-West;L. Robson;D. J. R. Evans
控制颅面发育的分子级联直到最近才被了解得很少。现有数据的缺乏部分是由于头部的复杂性，这是身体最复杂的区域。然而，小鼠突变体的产生和导致人类颅面综合征的基因突变的鉴定，以及其他物种的经典胚胎学方法，已经对头部如何发育提供了重要的见解。这些研究强调了头部实际上是多么独特，每个单独的部分都由一组不同的信号相互作用控制，再次证明了身体这个区域的复杂性。这篇综述讨论了控制头部每个区域的组织和分子相互作用。控制神经管关闭连同正确的发展的头骨，中线图案，神经嵴的产生和迁移，生长，图案，和分化的面部原基和鳃弓的过程进行了讨论。这些过程中的缺陷导致许多人类综合征，如露脑畸形、前脑无裂畸形、肌肉骨骼发育不良、第一弓综合征（如Riegers和Treacher-Collins综合征）和神经嵴发育不良（如DiGeorge综合征）。我们目前对这些人类综合症的基因以及头部如何发育的了解正在迅速发展，因此我们很快就会了解构建头部的复杂分子和组织相互作用。
The molecular cascades that control craniofacial development have until recently been little understood. The paucity of data that exists has in part been due to the complexity of the head, which is the most intricate regions of the body. However, the generation of mouse mutants and the identification of gene mutations that cause human craniofacial syndromes, together with classical embryological approaches in other species, have given significant insight into how the head develops. These studies have emphasized how unique the head actually is, with each individual part governed by a distinct set of signalling interactions, again demonstrating the complexity of this region of the body. This review discussed the tissue and molecular interactions that control each region of the head. The processes that control neural tube closure together with correct development of the skull, midline patterning, neural crest generation and migration, outgrowth, patterning, and differentiation of the facial primordia and the branchial arches are thus discussed. Defects in these processes result in a number of human syndromes such as exencephaly, holoprosencephaly, musculoskeletal dysplasias, first arch syndromes such as Riegers and Treacher-Collins syndrome, and neural crest dysplasias such as DiGeorge syndrome. Our current knowledge of the genes responsible for these human syndromes together with how the head develops, is rapidly advancing so that we will soon understand the complex set of molecular and tissue interactions that build a head.