The future of evolutionary medicine: sparking innovation in biomedicine and public health.
The future of evolutionary medicine: sparking innovation in biomedicine and public health.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fsci.2023.997136
复制
发表时间：
2023-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blumstein, Daniel T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Natterson-Horowitz, B;Aktipis, Athena;Blumstein, Daniel T
进化医学——即将进化和生态学的见解应用于生物医学——在激发生物医学研究、临床护理和公共卫生方面的变革性创新方面具有巨大的未开发潜力。从根本上说，需要对生命的全部多样性进行系统的映射，以确定疾病易感性、抗性和抗抗性的动物模型系统，从而可能导致新的临床治疗。进化动力学应该指导新的治疗方法，以癌症治疗耐药性的发展为目标（例如，通过适应性或灭绝治疗）和抗菌素耐药性（例如，通过化学、抗菌素使用和噬菌体治疗的创新）。在公共卫生方面，许多现代人类疾病（例如肥胖）是由于我们进化的生态环境与现代环境之间的不匹配造成的，这一见解对疾病预防具有重要意义。生命史进化也可以对疾病负担的模式，例如生殖健康，提供重要的线索。在COVID-19 （SARS-CoV-2）大流行期间的经验强调了进化动力学（例如，在毒力和传播性方面）在预测和管理这次和未来的大流行以及在利用进化原理理解和解决阻碍生物医学创新和公共卫生的人类行为方面（例如，不健康行为和疫苗犹豫）的关键作用。总之，加强跨学科合作对于系统地利用进化医学产生洞察力的力量来更好地理解、预防和治疗对人类、动物和地球健康的现有和新出现的威胁至关重要。
Evolutionary medicine - i.e. the application of insights from evolution and ecology to biomedicine - has tremendous untapped potential to spark transformational innovation in biomedical research, clinical care and public health. Fundamentally, a systematic mapping across the full diversity of life is required to identify animal model systems for disease vulnerability, resistance, and counter-resistance that could lead to novel clinical treatments. Evolutionary dynamics should guide novel therapeutic approaches that target the development of treatment resistance in cancers (e.g., via adaptive or extinction therapy) and antimicrobial resistance (e.g., via innovations in chemistry, antimicrobial usage, and phage therapy). With respect to public health, the insight that many modern human pathologies (e.g., obesity) result from mismatches between the ecologies in which we evolved and our modern environments has important implications for disease prevention. Life-history evolution can also shed important light on patterns of disease burden, for example in reproductive health. Experience during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has underlined the critical role of evolutionary dynamics (e.g., with respect to virulence and transmissibility) in predicting and managing this and future pandemics, and in using evolutionary principles to understand and address aspects of human behavior that impede biomedical innovation and public health (e.g., unhealthy behaviors and vaccine hesitancy). In conclusion, greater interdisciplinary collaboration is vital to systematically leverage the insight-generating power of evolutionary medicine to better understand, prevent, and treat existing and emerging threats to human, animal, and planetary health.